62 BIRDS. 



Our species, though well marked, are often difficult to 

 determine when not in full plumage. The tail feathers 

 are always marked with white or yellow, and the bill is 

 but moderately pointed, notched a-nd with evident 

 bristles at the rictus. 



The following artificial analysis, partially borrowed 

 from Coues' key to the genus, will generally enable the 

 student to distinguish specimens. 



* Tail feathers edged with yellow; plumage chiefly yellow. 



cestiva, 1. 

 ** Tail feathers blotched with white. 



f A white blotch on the primaries near their bases; no wing 

 bars ccerulescetis, 2. 



ff No white blotch on primaries; wing bars, if present, not white. 



White below; crown and wing patch more or less yellow. 



pennsylocndca, 6. 



Yellow below; sides reddish-streaked ; crown reddish. 



pahnarum, 15. 

 Yellow below, sides black-streaked. 



Back olive with reddish spots. . . . discolor^ 12. 



Back ashy kirtlandi, 11. 



fff No white blotch on primaries ; wing bars or wing patch 

 white. 



^ Rump yellow: —crown clear ash; yellow and streaked 

 below maculosa, 4. 



— Crown with yellow spot ; white and 

 streaked below. . coronata, 3. 



:p| Rump not yellow. 



Crown with orange or yellow spot ; throat orange or yellow. 



hlackharnue, 9. 

 Crown black ; no distinct yellow any wdiere : much streaked. 



striata, 8. 



Crown blue or greenish, like the back; no definite yellow. 



ccerulea, 5. 



Cro"wn chestnut, like the throat; no definite yellow; bufly 

 below castanea^ 7. 



