FISHES. 211 



ee. Both jaws with bands of villiform teeth ; roof and floor 

 of mouth with coarse patches. 



AlhuUdm^ the Lady Fishes. 

 dd. Lower jaw longest. 



/. No gular plates ; no lateral line ; anal short. 



Dnssuimeridce^ the Bouml Herrings. 



ff. A narrow bony plate between branches of lower jaw 



(much as in Amia). . Elopidoi, the Jew Fishes. 



FAMILIES OF EVENTOGNATHI. 



* Pharyngeal teeth in small number (not more than 7) and com- 



paratively large; dorsal with 7 to 12 rays (in American spe- 

 cies); mouth moderately or not protractile; lips scarcely or 

 not enlarged ; species mostly of small size (2 to 15 inches) 

 Dace and Minnows Cytrinid/E, 108. 



** Pharyngeal teeth very numerous, small ; mouth very proti'ac- 

 tile, roundish when protruded, with enlarged, fleshy lips; 

 dorsal with 11 to 40 rays ; species often of large size. Suckers. 



Catostomidje, 109. 



AA. FAMILIES OF NEMATOGNATHI. 



* Margin of upper jaw formed by intermaxillaries onl}^; maxil- 



lary rudimentary, forming the base of a long barbel. 



SlLURID^, 110. 



BB. FAMILIES OF APODES. 



* Gape moderate ; stomach ordinary ; gill openings narrow. 



f Scales rudimentary ; dorsal beginning at a considerable dis- 

 tance behind head ; fishes of shores or fresh waters. 



Anguillid^, 111. 



f f Scaleless ; dorsal beginning close behind base of pectorals ; 



deep sea fishes. . . Leptocephalidm, the Conger Eels. 



•'=* Gape of mouth enormously wide, leading to an excessively 



distensible stomach; tail band -like, tapering to a fine fihi- 



inent. .... Saccopharyngidoi., the Gulpers. 



FAMILIES OF PEDICULATI. 



••■• Head very broad ;' depressed. 



f Skin smooth, slimy; teeth strong, card -like; dorsal VI — 8, 

 or more; the first three spines isolated, tentacle-like, on 

 the head. . . . Lophiida>, the Fishing Frogs. 



