234 FISHES. 



it; palatine teeth well developed; gill-rakers long and 

 strong, provided with coarse teeth ; form stout and heavy. 



h. Operculum emarginate behind ; anal spines 5 to 7. 



c. Caudal fin emarginate ; scales ctenoid. 



d. Tongue with a single median patch of teeth ; anal 

 spines normally 6; dorsal 10 or 11. Ambt.oplites, 2. 



cc. Caudal fin rounded behind ; scales cycloid ; anal spines 

 normally 5. . . . ' . Acantharchus, 8. 



hh. Operculum ending behind in a convex " flap," black in 

 color, anal spines 3; dorsal 10; caudal emarginate. 



Ch^enobryttus, 4. 



aa. Tongue and pterygoid bones toothless ; mouth moderate or 

 small. 



d. Operculum ending behind in an entire convex process or 

 flap, which is always more or less black ; dorsal fin 

 not notched ; dorsal spines normally 10 ; anal spines 

 3, the soft rays in each fin about 10 in number ; caudal 

 fin emarginate. 



e. Maxillary with a supplemental bone ; gill-rakers long, 

 stout, dentate; mouth rather large, the lower jaw 

 jDrotruding ; palatine teeth present ; spines low ; flap 

 small Apomotis, 5. 



ce. Maxillary without supplemental bone ; mouth rather 

 small, with subequal jaws. 



/. Lower phar3'^ngeal bones comparatively narrow, with 

 the teeth all conic and sharp, the outer short and 

 small, the inner long and pointed. 



g. Gill-rakers of anterior branchial arch more or less 

 elongate, ossified, beset with small teeth. 



Lepo:mts, 6. 



gg. Gill-rakers undifferentiated, all short, thickish, 

 weak, unossified, provided with but few weak 

 teeth ; no palatine teeth ; opercular fiap always 

 large, often greatly developed ; coloration bril. 

 liant ; spines low. . . . Xenotis, 7. 



jf. Lower pharyngeal bones with the teeth or most of 

 them rounded or truncate above, i.e., teeth paved ; 



