SALMONID^. — CV. 271 



variations due to age, sex and food are very great, and 

 have led to the establishment of a great number of nomi- 

 nal species in all the leading genera, particularly in 

 SalTTio. 



* Jaws with evident teeth. 



f Dorsal moderate, of less than 20 rays; teeth strong, on jaws, 

 vomer and tongue. 

 X Scales small, often imbedded in the skin; lat. 1. 100 or 

 more Salmo, 1. 



\X Scales moderate, deciduous, not imbedded; lat. 1. 60 to 70. 



OSxMERUS, 2. 



ff Dorsal very high of 20 or more rays; teeth small. 



TUYMALLUS, 3. 



** Teeth wanting or reduced to slight roughnesses ; scales rather 

 large, loose Couegonus, 4. 



/. SALMO, Linngeus. Salmons. 



Bt^" For Revision of thi^ group see Addenda, page 355. 



* Anadromous species, running up from the sea into fresh water 



to spawn; the young remainmg there for a time, then return- 

 ing to the sea where they remain except during the season 

 of reproduction; upper jaw in males moderately if at all 

 hooked. (Salmo.) 



1. S. salar, L. Great Sea Salmon. No red spots; 

 young (known as Parr^ or Smolt) with dusky cross bars; 

 males in the spawning season with the lower jaw strongly 

 recurved and hooked; body covered with black and red 

 patches; others silvery, with small black dots; eleven or 

 twelve scales in a transverse series from behind the adi- 

 pose fin obliquely forward to the lateral line; D. 14; A. 

 11; lat. 1. 120. Northern Europe and America, S. to 

 Cape Cod. 



2. S. quinnat, Rich. Columbia River Salmon, known 



