THE ANTHOZOA 



75 



among the Turbinolidae ; Euphyllia and Rliipidogyra and their allies 

 form a new family, the Amphiastraeidae ; Galaxea is placed in Khinzinger's 

 family, the Stylinidae. See her paper, pp. 159-167. Sud-F.vmily 2. 

 Cy.vthophyllixae. Solitary and colonial Astraeidae, never Ma-android. 

 Tabulae and vesicular endotheca present. Genera 

 — Moseleya, Quelch ; CyathophyUnm, Goldfuss 

 (Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian). SuB- 

 F.\MILY 3. Staurinae. The septa show a 

 marked tetrameral arrangement. No columella. 

 Genus — Stauria, M. Edw. (Upper Silurian). 

 Scb-Family 4. Cystiphyllidae. Septa rudi- 

 mentary ; calicles filled with vesicular endotheca. 

 Genera — Cystiphyllum, Lonsdale (Silurian and 

 Devonian) ; Micheliiiia, de Kon. (Carboniferous). 

 In the sub-family Goinophyllinae the calyx is 

 ])rovided with a movable calcareous operculum. 

 Genera — Gonioiihyllum, M. Edw. and H. (Silur- 

 ian) ; the operculum formed of four paired pieces, 

 attached to the four sides of the lip of the calyx 

 and reaching with their pointed ends to the 

 centre. Rhkophyllnnx, Lindstrom (Silurian) ; 

 the operculum simple, semicircular, with a 

 median ridge on its inner face, and numerous striae parallel to it. 

 C'alceola, Lam. ; the operculum thick with a stout median septum 

 and numerous feebly developed secondary septa. 



Following Quelch the Cystiphyllidae are here placed with the 

 Astraeidae. Ogilvie,Avhilst remarking on their affinities with the Astraeidae, 

 places the Cystiphyllidae in the same group as the Eupsammidae under 

 the name Spinocorallia, loc. cit. pp. 324, 325. 



Fig. XXXVll. 



C'alceola sandalina, Lam., 

 from tlie Devonian of the Eifel. 

 Nat. size (from Zittel). 



Section 2. Fungacea. 



Solitary or colonial Scleractiniae. Septa united by synapticula, which 

 cross the interseptal loculi and perforate the mesenteries. 



Family 1. Plesiofungidae. Colonial or simple Fungacea. Septa 

 generally solid and imperforate ; united by synapticula. Genera — Sider- 

 astrcea, Blainv. ; Thamnastriva, Lesauvage ; Lophoserii', M. Edw. and H. ; 

 Agaricid, Lamarck. Family 2. Fcngidae. Simiile or colonial Fungacea ; 

 usually depressed or discoid. Theca more or less synapticulate. Group 1. 

 Solitary Fuiigidae. Genera — Fuiujia, Dana ; IHafungia, Duncan ; Micra- 

 bacia, M. Edw. antl H. The young form of Fungia is fixed, and either 

 solitary or colonial, resembling in all its characters a turbinolid, such as 

 Caryophyllia. The fixed form developed from the ovum is called a tropho- 

 zooid. The free discoid adult, or anthocyathus is formed by the expansion 

 of the upper part of the calicle of the trophozooid. "When tliis has 

 acquired a disc shape, and its septa are united by synapticula, it is detached 

 from the pedicle {aiithocaulns) f(jrmed by the rest of the trophozooid, and 

 is set free as an adult Fungia. Three or four anthocyathi may be formed 

 in succession from one trophozooid. For details the reader should refer 



