28 TELEOSTOMI. 
J. Body naked; snout am mouth wide, without barbels; caudal 
with fulcras. . . ss» eu. ia; PORRODGNTIOE a, 
JJ. Body with 5 series of bony shields; head with bony shields; 
mouth inferior, toothless, preceded by 4 barbels; fins with fulera. 
ACIPENSERID&, 21. 
IJ. Caudal rounded or lanceolate; head with a bony casque. 
X. Scales ganoid (rhombic, enamelled plates); no gular plate; fins with 
fulcra; dorsal fin:short: .°< < . S@ | >) LEerisosrEemaes 
XX. Scales cycloid; a bony gular plate; no fulcra; dorsal long. 
AMID, 23. 
HH. Tail not evidently heterocercal (except in the very young). 
Y. Scales cycloid. 
K, Side of belly with a conspicuous ridge or lateral line; pectoral fins 
inserted high, on or above the axis of the body; lower lobe of 
caudal longest; lower pharyngeals united. . ExocaTip&, 42. 
KK. Edge of belly without conspicuous ridge or lateral line; pectoral 
fins inserted usually below axis of body; lower pharyngeals 
separate. 
M. Vent before ventrals; eyes rudimentary. . AMBLYOPSID#, 36. 
MM. Vent behind ventrals; eyes normal. 
NV. Head more or less scaly. 
QO. Upper jaw not protractile, its margin formed by maxillaries 
posteriorly. 
P. Teeth cardiform, unequal... . . . . . Esocmas, 89. 
PP. Teeth villiform, equal. . . . . . . UMBRID&, 38. 
OO. Upper jaw very protractile, its edge formed by premaxil- 
laries alone. +. fs (ses 27s CY PRINGDONTEDAD Ga: 
NN. Head without scales. 
Q. Gill membranes united with the isthmus; lower pharyngeals 
falciform; mouth toothless; anterior vertebre coalesced. 
R. Pharyngeal teeth larger, in one or more rows, the main 
row with less than 8 teeth; dorsal (in native species) 
with less than 10 rays. . . . . . CYPRINID#, 26. 
RR. Pharyngeal teeth very numerous, in one row; dorsal rays 
tenormore. .. - % % %  CATOSTOMIDz, 2b. 
QQ. Gill membranes free ‘rot the isthmus; lower pharyngeals 
flattish; anterior vertebrz not modified. 
S. Lateral line present. 
T. Lower jaw with a gular plate; fins with scaly sheaths. 
ELorip», 29. 
TT. Lower jaw without gular plate. 
U. Tongue with canine teeth; mouth terminal, oblique. 
HIoDONTID&, 27. 
UU. Tongue with blunt teeth; mouth inferior, horizontal. 
ALBULIDA, 28. 
SS. Lateral line wanting. 
V. Mouth very wide, the maxillary reaching much beyond 
eye; snout short. . . . . . STOLEPHORIDS, 31. 
VV. Mouth moderate, the maxillary scarcely extending 
beyond eye: is) / sa) eo aes | oy COLI RID, BO. 
YY. Scales none; caudal with a long filament; snout long, tubular, 
with the small mouth atthe end.. . . . FisTuLARUpDs, 44. 
