30 TELEOSTOMI. 
V. Anal rays more than20. . . . . . . . « POMATOMID#, 57, 
VV. Anal rays less than 20. . . . - « « « « « «+ PERCIDA, 63. 
UUU. Anal spines three. 
W. Pseudobranchiz small, fleshy, covered by skin. 
CENTRARCHID, 62. 
W W. Pseudobranchiz large, exposed. 
X. Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 
SPARID, 66. 
XX. Maxillary not slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 
SERRANID &, 64. 
UUUU. Anal spines, 4to10. . .. . . . . CENTRARCHID2, 62. 
TT. Vomer without teeth. 
Y. Teeth setiform (tooth-brush like) ; soft parts of vertical fins 
densely scaly; body elevated; dorsal deeply notched. 
EPHIPPID 4, 71. 
YY. Teeth not setiform. 
Z. Lateral line obsolete; dorsal spines about 4. 
ELASSOMATID4, 61]. 
ZZ. Uateral line present. 
a. Anal spines 1 or 2; a large slit behind fourth gill. 
6. Lateral line extending on caudal fin; snout scaly. . . Scr#Nnip#, 68. 
bb. Lateral line not extending on caudal fin; snout scaleless. 
PERCID 4; 63. 
aa, Anal spines 3. 
c. Slit behind fourth gill none; lower pharyngeals completely united; 
jaws with canines in front.. . . . . . . . . LABRID&, 70. 
cc. Slit behind fourth gill large. 
d. Anal with more than 15 soft rays; preopercle serrate. 
STROMATEID, 58. 
dd. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 
e. Maxillary slipping beneath the broad preorbital for its whole 
length; dorsal spines more than 10. . . . . SPARIDA, 66. 
ee. Maxillary not slipping beneath the narrow preorbital. 
y Dorsal spines 12; premaxillaries moderately protractile; pseu- 
dobranchie large. . . - » » « LOBOTIDA, 65. 
yy Dorsal spines 9 or 10; bieenaeilinties extremely protractile; 
pseudobranchiz concealed: SE ee at he eeeiainen ap GA, 
FF. Ventral fins with or without spine; the number of rays not I, 5. 
x. Upper jaw prolonged ina sword.. . . . . . ISTIOPHORID, 53. 
xz. Upper jaw not sword-like. 
J. Dorsal fin low, of spines only. . . . . + » + BLENNIIDA, 83. 
Jf. Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, of soft rays posteriorly. 
g- Ventral rays 7; vent anterior; dorsal spines 3 or 4. 
APHREDODERID&, 60. 
gg. Ventral raysI,1; dorsal spines free; vent normal; body mailed. 
GASTEROSTEID, 45. 
ggg. Ventral rays I, 4; body scaly; pectoral fin divided to base in 
two unequal parts. . . . . »« CEPHALACANTHIDA, 75. 
JSff. Dorsal of soft rays anteriorly, with low spines posteriorly. 
Lyconin.£. &6, 
Sfff. Dorsal fin of soft rays only. 
