58 TELEOSTEI : EVENTOGNATHI. — XII. 
decurved; 13 to 15 scales before D. ¢ steel-blue, profusely 
tuberculate, belly and fins blood-red; a violet and a crimson cres- 
cent behind shoulder; Q plain; fins unspotted. Head 33; depth 
25 (adult) to 4 (young). A.8. Scales 6-35-2. Teeth sometimes 
1,4-4,1. L.3. S. Ll to Rio Grande, very abundant S. W.3 a 
very brilliant and very variable little fish. (Lat. dutra, otter; first 
known from Otter Creek, Ark.) 
jj. Pharyngeal teeth 1, 4-4, 1, their edges often crenate ; ours with narrow 
grinding surface; adult males with a large black blotch on upper pos- 
terior rays of D. (Cyprinella1 Girard.) 
x. Anal short, its rays 8 or 9; D. inserted just behind V.; ¢ in spring 
with the fins charged with satin-white pigment. 
110. N. whipplei (Girard). Siiver-Fry. Body subelliptical, 
the adult much compressed; head short, not very blunt; mouth 
rather small, oblique, the lower jaw shorter; eye small, 45 in head; 
males with high fins. Bluish silvery; scales dusky edged; a dark 
vertebral line; dorsal blotch large in adult, wanting in young ; 
no creamy band across base of C. Head 4}; depth 4. A. 8. 
Scales 5-38-3. Teeth serrate. L. 4. W. N. Y. to Va. and 
Minn., S. to Ark., abundant. (To Capt. A. W. Whipple, U.S. A.) 
111. N. galacturus (Cope). Similar to the preceding, but 
larger, more elongate and less compressed, the scales less closely 
imbricated, lateral line less decurved; teeth usually not serrate; 
the lower jaw included. Color like preceding but more silvery; C. 
dusky, its basal third bright creamy yellow. Head 4}; depth 43. 
A. 8. Scales 6-41-3. L. 6. Ozark region, E. to E. Tenn. and 
Savannah R. in mountain streams. (yada, milk; odpad, tail.) 
112. N. camurus Jordan & Meek. More robust than the pre- 
ceding, the back elevated; anterior profile steep, the snout bluntly 
decurved; mouth small, oblique; teeth crenate. Color much as in 
N. whipplei. Head 44; depth 34. A. 9. Scales 6-38-4. L. 4. 
Ark. R., N. E. to S. Missouri. (Lat., blunt-faced.) 
aa. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2; lateral line complete. 
y. Base of anal short, its rays 7 to 9. 
k. Scales on sides much deeper than long, especially in the adult, and so 
closely imbricated that the exposed edges are very narrow; body 
deep; D. fin inserted above V. (Luailus Raf.) 
113. N. megalops (Rafinesque). ComMoNn SHINER; ReEp-FIn. 
Dace. Body short, compressed in the adult, in the young elon- 
gate; head heavy, interorbital area rounded; snout bluntish; 
mouth moderate, little oblique; lower jaw included ; eye moderate, 
4 to 5 in head; lateral line decurved; about 20 (15 to 25) scales 
before D. Adult steel-blue, with gilt lines in life, sides silvery ; 
1 Numerons species of this group, some of them very delicately colored, abound in 
the rivers of the South. 
