74 TELEOSTEI : ISOSPONDYLI. — XIII. 
dant, spawning in sea; used for oil and manure. (A parasitic 
crustacean, Oniscus pregustator Latrobe, is found in the mouth of 
this fish. The names of both species refer to this fact; the ancient 
Roman Emperors (tyranni) having had their tasters (pregusta- 
tores) to try their food before them, to prevent poisoning.) 
75. DOROSOMA Rafinesque. (dopds, lance ; capa, body.) 
175. D. cepedianum (Le Sueur). GizzARp SHAD. Hickory 
SHap. Mup Suap. WHITE-EYED SHAp. Hatry-Back. Body 
deep, compressed; the scales thin, deciduous; head small; snout 
short, blunt; mandible enlarged at base; gill rakers very slender, 
not very long; an adipose eyelid; D. about median, its filament 
about as long as head ; C. widely forked, its lower lobes longer ; 
belly sharply serrate. Bluish, sides silvery; young with a round 
dark shoulder spot. Head 44; depth 2} (2 to 3); eye 44 in head. 
D.12. A. 31. Lat.1. 56. Scutes 174-12. L.15. Cape Cod to 
Mexico; abundant S. entering all rivers ; permanently resident 
throughout the Miss. Valley. A handsome, mud-loving fish, nearly 
worthless as food. (To Bernard Germain Etienne, Comte de La 
Cépede, afterwards “ Citoyen Lacépeéde.”’) 
Famity XXXI. STOLHEPHORIDAL. (THE ANCHOVIEs.) 
Body elongate, compressed, with thin, deciduous scales ; mouth 
very large; the pointed, pig-like snout, usually extending beyond 
it ; maxillary very long and slender, of about 3 pieces, extending 
backward far beyond the eye; premaxillaries small; teeth usually 
very small; eye large, well forward; gill rakers long and slender. 
B. 7 to 14; no lateral line; belly rounded, or weakly serrate ; no 
adipose fin; C. forked. Small fishes swimming in large schools, 
abundant in all warm seas. Genera 9, species about 65, most of 
them belonging to Stolephorus. 
a. Gill membranes scarcely connected; gill openings very wide; no pectoral 
filaments; A. moderate, beginning behind D.; lower jaw included; max- 
illary not extending beyond gill openings; teeth very small or wanting. 
STOLEPHORUS, 76. 
76. STOLEPHORUS Lacépéede. (Engraulis Cuvier.) (orodn, 
a stole; dopds, bearing, in allusion to the silvery band.) 
a. Body compressed, moderately elongate, the depth more than one-fifth the 
length; insertion of D. nearer C. than tip of snout. 
b. Anal long, its rays about 26, its base 32 in body. 
176. S. mitchilli (Cuv. & Val.). Snout rather blunt, little pro- 
jecting; body much compressed; both jaws with teeth ; eye very 
large. Pale, a narrow, diffuse, silvery lateral band, little broader 
than pupil. Head 34; depth 4. D.14. A. 26. Lat. 1.37. L. 24. 
