SERRANIDA, — LXIV. 135 
tractile, preorbital serrate; snout projecting; maxillary reaching 
middle of pupil; top of head rugose; gill rakers stout, the longest 
but 3 times as high as broad. Dark olivaceous, sides golden yellow ; 
6 to 8 broad dark cross-bars from back to below middle of sides ; 
lower fins orange, upper olivaceous; spinous D. without distinct 
black spot. Head 31; depth 34. D. XLII-1,14. A.II,7. Scales 
5-55-17. Vert. 21-++-20=41. Pyloric ceca 3. L.15. Minn. to 
N. Ohio and Quebec, S. to S. C. E. of Alleghanies, not in Ohio 
Valley or S. W.; abundant. (Lat., growing yellow.) 
160. STIZOSTEDION Rafinesque. (orifw, to prick; ornOlor, 
little breast; “the name means pungent throat.” Raf.) 
a. Pyloric ceca 3, subequal, all about as long as stomach; D. XIII-1, 21. 
( Stizostedion.) 
370. S. vitreum (Mitchill), Waut-rye. Guass-ryre. Pike 
Percu. JAck SAtmon. Body elongate, growing deeper with 
age, the back more arched than in the next; head sub-conic, long ; 
cheeks, opercles and top of head more or less scaly ; opercle with 
radiating strie, ending in spinules; D. spines high, soft D. nearly 
as long as spinous. Dark olive, mottled with brassy; sides of head 
vermiculated ; 1st D. with a large jet-black blotch posteriorly, other- 
wise nearly plain dusky ; 2d D. and C. mottled olive and yellowish; 
base of P. without black spot. Head 42; depth 4 to 6. A. IT, 12. 
Lat. 1. 90. L.1 to 3 feet. Great Lakes, Miss. Valley, E. to Va.; 
commonest N., where it is one of the leading food-fish. Absurdly 
called “Salmon” in parts of the South. 
aa. Pyloric ceca 4 to 7, unequal; D. XIII-1, 18. (Cynoperca Gill & 
Jordan. ) 
371. S. canadense (C. H. Smith). Saucer. Sanp Prxe. 
Gray Prxe. Horn-Fisu. Body elongate, more terete than in 
the preceding, the flesh more translucent; head depressed, pointed ; 
opercular spines variable. Eye small, 5 in head. Olive gray, sides 
brassy or orange, with dark mottlings, more distinct in young; 1st 
D. with 2 or 3 rows of round, black spots; no black blotch on last 
spines; 2d D. with 3 irregular rows of dark spots; a large black 
blotch on base of P.; C. dusky and yellowish. Head 34; depth 44 
to5. A.TI,12. Lat. 195. Vert. 234+ 22—45. L.18. Great 
Lake region to Ohio Valley and Dakota; common N. (Var. cana- 
dense in St. Lawrence region has bones of head especially rough, 
the head more scaly and about 4 opercular spines; Var. griseum, of 
the Great Lakes, etc., with smoother head, and Var. boreum, of the 
Upper Miss., etc., with slenderer and more “ snake-like ” head.) 
Famity LXIV. SHERRANIDA. (Tue Sea Bass.) 
Body oblong, with adherent, mostly ctenoid scales; mouth usually 
large, with villiform teeth and sometimes with canines; teeth on 
