146 TELEOSTEI : ACANTHOPTERI. — XX. 
182. CTENOLABRUS Cuv. & Val. (kreis, comb; Labrus.) 
a. Interopercle naked; snout not very sharp. (Yautogolabrus Giinther.) 
400. C. adspersus (Walbaum). CUNNER. CHOGSET. BErR- 
GALL. Buiue PercH. Brownish blue, with brassy shades; young 
with a black dorsal spot. Head 34; depth 3. D. XVIII, 10. 
A. III, 9. Lat. 1.45. L.10. Newfoundland to Va., common N. 
about rocks. (Lat., speckled.) 
183. HIATULA Lacépede. (Old name; hio, to gape.) 
401. H. onitis (L.). Taurog. OYSsTER-FISH. BLACK-FISH. 
Blackish; young greenish, irregularly barred. Head 31; depth 3. 
D. XVI, 10. ‘A. ITE, 8! Hat. 1.60. “E516 Mame te St. 
common food-fish. (Meaning unknown.) 
EreLasmiaA. The rest of the Pharyngognathi are beyond our 
limits, as are also the great bulk of the next group, or suborder, the 
Squamipennes, or Epelasmia (Cope). Of these only a single species 
comes N.of Va. In this group the post-temporal is simple, and the 
upper pharyngeals reduced to thin lamine. The group includes 
the Chetodontide, Acanthuride, Teuthidide, and the small 
Famity LXXI. EPHIPPIDAt. (THE ANGEL-FISHEs.) 
Body compressed and elevated; scales ctenoid densely covering 
the body and the soft parts of the vertical fins; lateral line present. 
Mouth small, terminal, with bands of setiform (tooth-brush-like) 
teeth; premaxillary protractile; maxillary simple, partly slipping 
under preorbital; gill membranes broadly attached to the isthmus ; 
gill rakers very short; pseudobranchize present. Dorsal deeply 
notched, with 8 to 11 spines, the soft part very high, as is also the 
soft anal; A. spines 3 or 4; C. subtruncate; P. short; V. normal. 
Air-bladder large. Genera 6; species about 15, in the warm seas. 
(€qimros, on horseback, from the long dorsal spine.) 
a. Anal spines 3; dorsal spines 8 or 9, the third elevated; profile very steep; 
scales small. 3s. 2 8s 6 3 Gl 8 ot es SORT ODIe PR 
184. CHAXTODIPTERUS Lacépéde. (yairodav, Cheetodon ; 
Sis, two; mrepdv, fin.) 
402. C faber (Broussonet). ANGEL-FISH. SPADE-FISH. Gray- 
ish, the young with 4 to 7 black cross-bands; soft vertical fins, be- 
coming faleate with age. Head 3; depth 14. D. VIII-1, 20. 
A. IIT, 18. Lat. 1.60, . 1. 9400 War. seeas, IN. to Pee 
good food-fish. (An old name, meaning blacksmith.) 
CATAPHRACTI. We next pass to the group of Cataphracti or 
Cottoid fishes, an assemblage of families, characterized as a whole 
by the development of a “ suborbital stay,” a bony process extend- 
ing from the suborbital ring backward across the cheeks to or to- 
wards the preopercle. In the extreme forms (Agonide, etc.), the 
