SCORPEANIDA, — LXXII. 147 
cheek is wholly mailed. In others, as Cyclopterus, this stay is 
little conspicuous. The Cataphracti agree with the Scyphobranchii 
in having the third upper pharyngeal large, basin-shaped, but they 
differ much among themselves, the Hexagrammide and Scorpenide 
resembling the Perciform fishes, while some of the others are widely 
aberrant. 
Famity LXXIT. SCORPAINIDA. (Tue Rock-risHEs.) 
Body oblong, robust, usually covered with ctenoid scales; lateral 
line present. Head large, with spinous ridges above; opercle with 
two spinous processes ; preopercle with five. Mouth large, the jaws 
with villiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile; maxillaries broad, 
simple, not sheathed by preorbital; bony suborbital stay present, 
usually covered by skin and usually not reaching preopercle. Gill 
membranes free and separate. Gills 34, with no slit behind the last. 
VY. normal, I, 5. D. continuous, with 8 to 16 strong spines. Arctic 
species have more spines and more vertebrae than tropical species. 
Vertebree 24 to 32; A. short, with 3 spines; P. broad. Pseudo- 
branchie and air-bladder large. Genera 20; species 200. Carniv- 
orous fishes living about rocks in all seas, often at considerable 
depths, especially abundant about Cal. and Japan. Non-migratory ; 
excellent as food, and usually red in color. Most are viviparous, 
the young 4 inch long when born. (exopzrios, scorpion.) 
a. Dorsal spines 15; vertebra 12 Hi 19 sis ouniee teeth present; head not 
very rough pba. eaten the : : - © « « SEBASTES, 185. 
185. SEBASTES Cuvier. (oc¢8aords, magnificent.) 
403. S. marinus (L.). Rose-rish. HemMpurGAN. Norway 
Happock. Body ovate; top and sides of head evenly scaled; 
cranial ridges low and sharp; preocular, supraocular, postocular, 
tympanic, and occipital ridges present; eye very large; chin prom- 
inent. Orange red, some dusky on opercle. Head 3; depth 24. 
De AVyi4: Ae, 18)» Lat... 1. 40, tubes) 85. >.N., Atl, iS. to 
Cape Cod; common N. Specimens in shallow water are smaller 
and brownish. (Var. viviparus Kroyer.) (Eu.) 
Famity LXXIUI. COTTIDA. (THE Scurrrins.) 
Body elongate, more or less, the head usually large and depressed ; 
eyes high; bony stay conspicuous, but not covering the cheek; pre- 
opercle armed; teeth in villiform bands; maxillary simple; gills 34 
or 4; gill membranes connected, often joined to isthmus. Body 
naked, or irregularly scaled or warty, never evenly scaled; lateral 
line present. Dorsals usually separate, the spines slender; A. 
without spines; P. large, with broad procurrent base, the lower 
rays simple; V. thoracic, usually I, 3 or I, 4, sometimes wanting, 
never united. Pseudobranchiz present. Vertebree, as usual in 
