152 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTERI, — XX. 
each side; preopercle with a very long rough spine; opercle 
small; isthmus very broad, scaly; gill rakers minute; mouth 
small, with granular teeth in jaws only ; tail with 2 serrate, knife- 
like appendages. Spinous D. short, its first spines free; an im- 
movable spine between dorsals; C. small, lunate; P. divided to 
base, the anterior part corresponding to the free rays in T’iglide, 
of about 6 rays connected by membrane; the posterior part very 
long (reaching C. in adult), the rays slender and simple; V. close 
together, I, 4. Air bladder complex; vertebre 9-13. Two 
species in the warm seas, able to flutter for short distances in 
the air. 
194. CEPHALACANTHUS Lacépeéde. (xedadn, head; 
dxava, spine.) 
a. Occiput without filament. 
422. C. volitans (L.). Frying GurRNARD. SEA Rosin. 
Greenish and brown, mottled with orange or red, the belly usually 
orange; P. with blue streaks and spots; C. with reddish bars. 
Color very variable. Head 44; depth 54. D.U,IV-8. A. 6. 
P. 28-6. L.12. Atlantic, N. to Newf’d. (£u.) (Lat., flying.) 
Famity LXXVI. TRIGLIDA® (THE GuRNARDS.) 
Body subfusiform, covered with scales or bony plates; head 
entirely covered with rough bones, most of them armed with 
spines; mouth moderate, with small teeth or none; maxillary 
simple; gills 4, a slit behind fourth; pseudobranchie present; 
V. I, 5, wide apart, separated by a flat area. Spinous D. short; 
A. without spines; C. narrow. PP. large, with broad base, the 
2 or 3 lowermost rays detached from the rest and separate. Air 
bladder present. Vertebre about 24, as in nearly all tropical 
fishes. Genera 53; species 40, in all warm seas. (rpiyda, old 
name of Mullus.) . 
a. Body scaly; teeth present on jaws, vomer and palatines; free P., rays 3. 
Prionotus, 195. 
195. PRIONOTUS Lacépéde. SrA ROBINS. (mpiwv, saw; 
vatos, back.) 
a. Mouth rather small, the maxillary not 4 head; a cross-groove on top of 
head behind eye; a black ocellated spot on spinous D. 
423. P. carolinus (L.). Body rather stout; preopercular spine 
with no smaller one before it; P. short, not $ body; P. appendages 
broadened at tip; gill rakers about 10; bones of head compara- 
tively smooth. Olive, back with 4 dark cross-shades; pale oblique 
streaks on 1st D. Head 3; depth 5. D. X-13. A.12. Lat. 1. 
58 (pores). L. 12. Cape Ann to 8. C. (S. occurs P. scitulus 
J. & G., slender, with short head and spotted body.) 
