GADIN ERR XV IL, 163 
221. MELANOGRAMMUS Gill. (pedavés, black ; ypapp7, line.) 
455. M. eglifinus (L.). Happocx. Snout long; dorsals 
pointed; C. lunate; skull depressed, the bones thin; the supra- 
occipital crest very high, with wing-like projections at base. Dark 
gray, a large black blotch above P. Head 33; depth 44. D. 15- 
24-21. A. 23-21. L.30. Va., N.; an important food-fish. (Eu.) 
(Low Lat., haddock.) 
222. GADUS (Artedi) Linneus. (The Latin name, akin to the 
English Cod.) 
456. G. callarias L. Cop-risu. Head large; occipital keel 
not high; fins not elevated; C. slightly notched. Brownish, the 
ground color varying much; back and sides with round brownish 
spots; fins dark. Head 3} to 44; depth 4. D. 14-21-19. A. 
20-18. L. 3 feet or more. N. Atl. and N. Pac., S. to Va. and 
Ore.; one of the most important of food-fishes. (Eu.) (G. mor- 
rhua L.) (Lat., Callarias, a young cod.) 
223. MICROGADUS Gill. (uxpés, small; Gadus.) 
457. M.tomcod (Walbaum). Tom-cop. Frost-risa. Snout 
rounded ; maxillary reaching pupil, 2} in head. Eye 32. Olive- 
brown, spotted and blotched with darker; surface punctulate. 
Head 32; depth 5. JD. 13-17-18. <A. 20-17. L. 12. Va. to 
Labrador, a diminutive Cod-fish, common N. 
224. POLLACHIUS Nilsson. (From Pollack.) 
458. P. virens (L.) Potitack. Coat-risu. P. short, scarcely 
reaching A. Greenish, somewhat silvery below; fins pale; usually 
a dark spot in axil. Head 4; depth 44. D. 13-22-20. <A. 25-20. 
Bap 250/) 1 18. Va, Ne” (2 u.) 
225. MERLUCCIUS Rafinesque. (Merlucius “ Sea-Pike,” the 
ancient name.) 
459. M. bilinearis (Mitchill). Simver Hake. STock-Fisu. 
Wuirtine. Top of head with well defined W-shaped ridges; teeth 
not very large. P. and V. long, 2 head. Grayish, sides dull silvery ; 
axil inside of mouth and peritoneum black. Flesh soft. Head 
32; depth 61. D. 13-41. A. 40. Lat.1.105. L. 2 feet. Va., 
N., not rare. (Lat., bis two; linearis, lined.) 
Orper XXI. HETEROSOMATA. (THE FLAT-FISHES.) 
This group seems to be an offshoot from the Gadide. Its essen- 
tial feature is in the unsymmetrical character of the bones of the 
head. The head is twisted about, so that both eyes are on the same 
side. The body is compressed, and the side without eyes is habit- 
ually kept lowermost. The blind side is usually colorless. The very 
