PLETHODONTID. — CII. 179 
255. CHONDROTUS Cope. (xdvdpos, cartilage ; ovs, ear.) 
501. C. microstomus Cope. Blackish, usually with plumbeous 
shades and specks; head small, short, broad; body slender; skin 
very smooth and slippery ; snout very short, the lower jaw project- 
ing beyond it. Costal grooves 14. Ohio to Kansas and 8S. (utxpos, 
small; oréua, mouth.) 
Famity CII. PLETHODONTIDA. 
Vertebrze amphiceelian ; carpus and tarsus cartilaginous; para- 
sphenoid with one or two laminze which are covered by a coarse 
brush of teeth which look downwards on roof of mouth. The 
species with cylindric tails rarely or never enter water. Genera 11 ; 
species 353; chiefly North American. 
a. Tongue attached by a band running from its central or posterior pedicel to 
the anterior margin; premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. 
Bis oes AS a te Sal Meh) 20 Fal ive ote alla? ee RED ACT PLANE, 256. 
OPA ny ae 2 oy yeh ts } 2) PLETRODON, Zor. 
aa. Tongue free all around, tached a its central pedicel only; toes 4-5, all 
free. 
c. Premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. . . . . GyYRINOPHILUS, 258. 
ce. Premaxillary single, with fontanelle. . . . . SPELERPES, 259. 
256. HEMIDACTYLIUM Tschudi. (nyc-, half; Sdxrvdos, toe.) 
502. H. secutatum (Schlegel). Brown above; snout yellow; 
whitish below, with dots like ink spots; body short; tail slender ; 
skin of back with depressions resembling scales. Costal grooves 
i532), 252. KB. 1. to IL, and’. 
257. PLETHODON Tschudi. (m\760s, crowd ; d8av, tooth.) 
a. Costal groove 16 to 18; palatine teeth not extending outward beyond inner 
nares. 
503. P. erythronotus (Green). Plumbeous above, often with a 
broad brownish red dorsal band; belly marbled ; body very slen- 
der; tail cylindric; inner toes rudimentary. L. 3}. E. U.S, 
common under logs, etc. ; nocturnal in habit and very active. Var. 
cinereus Green, found with the other, lacks the red dorsal band. 
(€pvOpos, red ; vaeros, back.) 
aa. Costal grooves 14; palatine teeth extending outside of inner nares. 
504. P. glutinosus (Green). Black, usually with bluish-white 
blotches and specks; stout; tail rounded; inner toes well de- 
veloped. L. 5 to 7, E. U.S., chiefly terrestrial. 
258. GYRINOPHILUS Cope. (yvpivos, tadpole; gidos, lover.) 
505. G. porphyriticus (Green). Yellowish or purplish brown 
above, irregularly blotched with gray; head broad; tail rounded at 
