182 BATRACHIA : SALIENTIA. — XXVII. 
this form by degrees it develops into the adult animal, which is 
always more or less frog-like. (Lat., saliens, leaping.) 
Families of Salientia. 
a. Tongue present, adherent in front, more or less free behind ; eustachian 
tubes widely separated. 
b. Thoracic! region capable of expansion: the free and divergent ends of 
the coracoid and precoracoid connected by two longitudinal cartila- 
ginous bands, the cartilage of one side overlapping the other. Toads 
and Tree-toads. (Arcifera.) 
c. Upper jaw toothless; toes webbed, not dilated at tip; paratoids 
(glandular bodies behind ear) generally present; terrestrial. 
Buronipé, 105. 
cc. Upper jaw with teeth. 
d. Fingers and toes tapering, without viscid disks; ours with a sharp 
flat-edged spur at heel ; paratoids present; subterranean. 
PELOBATID#, 106. 
dd. Fingers and toes more or less dilated at their tips, this dilation 
forming a viscid disk; Lanting none in our species; chiefly 
arboreal... .. . oe (Wy SERRE Se 
6b. Thoracic region incapable of jee ‘the two bands of cartilage 
united in a median mass between the adjacent ends of the nearly 
parallel coracoid and precoracoid bones. Frogs. (Firmisternia.) 
e. Upper jaw toothless; diapophyses of sacral vertebre dilated (tympa- 
num hidden and toes free in our species). ENGYSTOMATID&, 108. 
ee. Upper jaw with teeth; no paratoids; toes webbed, and usually fin- 
gers also; tympanum evident; no viscid disks; sacral diapophyses 
scarcely dilated. . .. .« - 6 ee RADE anes 
Famity CV. BUFONIDA. (THe Toaps.) 
Jaws toothless; toes webbed, not dilated at their tips; sacra 
vertebrz with dilated processes; paratoids prominent. Genera 8; 
species 85, in most warm regions. 
a. Snout not pointed; no lateral fold of skin; skin more or less warty. 
BuFo, 262. 
262. BUFO Laurenti. (Lat. Toad.) 
514. B. lentiginosus Shaw. AMERICAN ToaAp. Brownish 
olive with a yellowish vertebral line and some brownish spots ; 
two black patches below eyes; tympanum large; adults very 
warty ; young nearly smooth ; a bony ridge above and behind eye; 
paratoids elliptical. L., 34. KE. U. S., very common, variable; 
the northern form is var. americanus (Le Conte) having the bony 
ridges moderate, not swollen behind; var. fowleri Putnam, Mass. 
and N., has these crests much swollen and coalescent, “forming 
an osseous boss on the skull.” (Lat., freckled.) 
Famity CVI. PHLOBATIDA. (THE Burrowine Toans.) 
Upper jaw with teeth; heel usually provided with a more or less 
developed spur. Genera 8, species 18; Europe and America. 
1 To understand the character of the structure here briefly described, the student 
should dissect a toad (arciferous) and a frog ( firmisternial.) 
