RALLID A. —— CXLIL. 241 
377. RALLUS Linneus. (Fr., rale, from its note.) 
a. Large rails; wing more than 5. 
741, R.longirostris Boddaert. CLAPPER RAIL. SALT-wWATER 
MarsH Hen. Olive brown, variegated with ashy; dull reddish 
brown below; little or no distinct chestnut anywhere. L. 14 to 16. 
W. 6. T. 24. B. 24. Q smaller. Salt marshes; common S., 
N. to Mass. Ours is var. crepitans Gmelin. 
742. R. elegans Audubon. Kine Rait. FRESH-wWATER 
MarsH-HEN. Brownish black, with bright chestnut below and on 
wing coverts; much brighter colored than the last, and larger; 
a red, rather than a gray bird. L. 18. W. 7, B. 24. U.S., 
in fresh-water marshes, N. to Conn. 
aa, Small rails; wing less than 5. 
743. R. virginianus L. Virernia Raru. Colors exactly as 
in R. elegans; much smaller. L. 10. W. 4. T. 14. B. 1}. 
N. Am., common E. 
378. PORZANA Vieillot. (Italian name.) 
a. Secondaries without white. 
b. Wing more than 4; olive-brown above, striped with black. (Porzana.) 
744. P. carolina (L.). Caroztina Raru. Sora.  Olive- 
brown, streaked ; adult with face and middle line of throat black ; 
breast slaty gray; back streaked; belly barred. L. 9. W. 4}. 
T. 2. N. Am., common. 
6. Wings less than 3}; dusky, usually speckled with white. (Creciscus 
Cabanis.) 
745. P. jamaicensis (Gmelin). Buackx Rar. Blackish, with 
white markings. L. 5}. W. 3. TT. 14. Tropical Amer. etc., 
rarely N. to Ill. 
aa. Secondaries white. (Coturnicops Bonaparte. ) 
746. P. noveboracensis (Gmelin). Yrttow Crake. Buffy, 
blackish-streaked above with white marks, buffy below. L. 6. 
W. 33. T.13. E.N. Am., not common. (Lat., of New York.) 
379. IONORNIS Reichenbach. (iov, violet; dpws, bird.) 
747. I. martinica (L.). PurpLe GALLINULE. Olive green; 
head and lower parts purplish blue; wings and tail greenish-black ; 
crissum white; bill mostly red; the shield blue. L.12. W. 7. 
T. 3. Tropical Amer., N. to N. E. (From Martinique. ) 
380. GALLINULA Brisson. (Dim. of Lat. gallina, hen.) 
748. G. galeata (Lichtenstein). FLorrpA GaALLINULE. 
Brownish olive above, grayish black on head and below; wings 
and tail dusky ; bill, frontal shield, and ring around tibia red; feet 
16 
