252 AVES: GALLINA. —— XXXIX. 
dd. Tail about half as long as wing; toes naked. 
jf. Neck with a ruff of straight stiff feathers, beneath which is a 
bare, inflatable air-sac; ‘tail rounded. . TYMPANUCHUS, 408. 
ff. Neck without peculiar feathers ; tail evadnatens the middle 
feathers exserted. . . o » « » « PEpIocarTss, 409. 
404. COLINUS Lesson. (Mex. name, Acolin.) 
790. C. virginianus (L.). Bos-Wuire. Quart (North). 
PARTRIDGE (South). Forehead, line through eyes, chin and throat 
white, brownish yellow in 9 ; crown dark; plumage generally 
chestnut red, barred and streaked. L. 94. W.5. T. 3. B. 3. 
E. U. S., W. to Great Plains, abundant. The smaller European 
quail, Coturnix coturniz L., with very short tail and lower mandible 
entire, has been introduced E. 
405. DENDRAGAPUS Elliott. (é€vdpor, tree ; dyarn, love.) 
a. Tail of 16 feathers; no evident air-sac on side of neck (Canachites 
Stejneger). 
791. D. canadensis (L.). Spruce PARTRIDGE. CANADA 
Grouse. Black above with grayish markings; mostly black below 
with white spots; the sides streaked; tail black, often tipped with 
reddish; 9 smaller, black interrupted or streaky. L.16. W. 63. 
T. 54. Spruce swamps, northward; S. to N. Y. and Mich. 
406. BONASA Stephens. (ovacos, wild bull.) 
792. B. umbellus (L.). Rurrep GrRousE. PARTRIDGE 
(North). PHEASANT (South). Crested; sides of neck with a 
ruff of soft dark feathers; color reddish or grayish brown, much 
streaked and variegated with blackish and pale. L.18. W. 74. 
T. 7. E. U.S., abundant in woodland. (Lat., umbel.) 
407. LAGOPUS Brisson. (Aayos, hare; zovs, foot.) 
793. L. lagopus (L.). Wuirrt PTARMIGAN. WILLOw GROUSE. 
Fore parts cinnamon brown, variegated with blackish, rest of body 
chiefly white; winter plumage pure white, the tail black; bill stout. 
J...16, .W..8.: ‘T. 5. Aretic, S:-tor Ne i: Yin winter,” {a 
Some other species occur N. 
408. TYMPANUCHUS Gloger. (Lat., tympanum, drum; nucha, 
nape.) 
a. Scapulars without conspicuous terminal whitish spots; neck tufts in ¢ of 
more than 10 parallel-edged, obtuse feathers. 
794. T. americanus (Reichenbach). PINNATED GROUSE. 
Prairie Hen. Prarrie CuricKken. Sides of neck with a tuft of 
long pointed feathers, beneath which is a patch of bare, red skin, 
capable of great inflation; color black, tawny and white, much 
