268 AVES: PICI. — XLIV. 
444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (odipa, hammer; Picus.) 
848. S. varius (L.). YELLOW-BELLIED WooppeckKeER. Black 
and whitish above; black on breast; rump mixed black and white; 
belly more or less yellowish; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 
wing patch; quills with white spots; crown red in adult ¢ and 
usually 9 also; chin scarlet, throat black in @; both white in 9, 
young dull brownish. L. 8}. W.43. TT. 3}. N. Am., not rare, 
the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 
445. CEOPHLGUS Cabanis. (/ylatomus} Baird.) 
(xéw, to split ; dAouds, bark.) 
849. C. pileatus (L.). LoGcock. Black; white streak down 
neck; crest and cheek patch scarlet in g; cheeks and front of 
crest black in 9. L.18. W.94. T. 7. N. Am.; in heavy tim- 
ber, a shy bird, now becoming rare. (Lat., capped.) 
446. MELANERPES Swainson. (eédas, black; épmns, creeper.) 
a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black (grayish in young). 
(Melanerpes.) 
850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Rrp-HEADED WoopDPECKER. 
Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 
black ; belly, ramp, secondaries, ete., pure white; rest of body glossy 
blue-black. L. 94. W.5}. T. 33. E. U.S., rare in N. E., very 
abundant W. (epvOpds, red; xedbadn, head.) 
aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centwrus Swainson.) 
851. M. carolinus (L.). Rep-BELLIep Wooprecker. Gray- 
ish, much barred above with black and white; belly pale ashy, more 
or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in @, ashy in 9. 
L. 93. W.5. T. 3}. E.U.S., rather S., common W. 
447. COLAPTES Swainson. (kodamris, chisel.) 
852. C.auratus (L.). YeLtLow-HamMer. FLICKER. GOLDEN- 
WINGED WoopreckEeR. HiGuH-HoLer. Head ashy, with red 
nuchal crescent; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 
below pinkish brown shading into yellowish; a black crescent on 
breast ; belly with numerous round black spots; shafts and under 
surfaces of quills golden yellow; ¢ with a black maxillary patch. 
L.123. W.6. T.41. E. N. Am., abundant. 
853. C. cafer (Gmelin). Rep-sHAFTED FLICKER. Quills with 
orange red instead of golden; maxillary patches in ¢ red instead 
1 The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 
earlier Hylotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that “‘ A name is 
a name without necessary meaning,” and therefore that generic names are different 
unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 
Hylatomus, Eremophila, Lagochila, Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 
names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, Lagocheilus, 
Lucanus, Icterus, Cestreeus, and Heterodon. 
