284 AVES: PASSERES. — XLVI. 
473. CARPODACUS! Kaup. (kapzros, fruit ; Sdxos, biting.) 
894. C. purpureus (Gmelin). PurpLe Fincu. Everywhere 
streaky; gf flushed with red, most intense on the crown, fading 
below and behind; 9 olive brown and streaky, with no red; bill 
stout. L. 6. W. 31. T. 24. N. Am., a sweet singer. (Lat., 
purple, which the bird is not.) 
474. LOXIA Linneus. (Aogds, crooked.) 
a. Wing with white. 
895. L. leucoptera Gmelin. WuitrE WINGED CrossBILL. 
& rose red; two white wing bars; scapulars black; 9 brownish 
olive, speckled with dusky ; rump yellow. L. 61. W. 3. T. 23. 
N. N. Am., S. in winter, with the next, less common; variable. 
(Aevkos, white; mrepov, wing.) 
aa. Wing with no white. 
896. L. curvirostra L. Rep CrossBitu. ¢ brick-red; wings 
dusky, unmarked; @Q brownish, washed with greenish yellow. 
L. 6. W. 3k. T. 24. Northern regions, about pine woods; S. 
in winter, sometimes in large flocks, to Tenn. and Va. (Eu.) 
The rather small form in E. U. 8. is var. minor Brehm. The sin- 
gular bill is adapted for opening nuts. (Lat., curve-bill.) 
475. LEUCOSTICTE Swainson. (Aevxos, white; o7iKrés, 
spotted.) 
897. L. tephrocotis Swainson. Cinnamon-brown; head more 
or less ashy gray; nasal tufts white; quills dusky; tail coverts 
edged with rose pink in adult. L.6. W.4. T.3. Rocky Mts., 
E. to Iowa. (redpés, gray ; ovs, ear.) 
476. ACANTHIS Bechstein. (dxav6is, thistle-bird.) 
a. Crown red in both sexes, crimson in ¢@, lustrous brownish-red in @ ; 
chin blackish; no yellow. 
898. A. hornemanni (Holboll). GREENLAND ReEppo.Lt. Sides 
and rump scarcely streaked; colors very pale. @ with breast 
merely pinkish. L.5. W.38. T. 24. Greenland; the small var. 
exilipes (Coues) S. to N. U.S. in winter. (To J. W. Hornemann.) 
899. A. linarius (L.). Rep Port Linnet. Throat, breast 
and rump rosy in @; much streaked above and on sides; rump 
1 In the vicinity of Carpodacus belongs the Old World genus : — 
Passer Brisson. P. domesticus (L.). EvRoPEAN House Sparrow. ff chestnut 
brown above, thickly streaked ; ashy below; throat, lores and chin black; @ duller, 
without black ; feet small. L. 6. W. 23. TT. 23. Introduced from Europe ; abun- 
dant in all towns E., a nuisance unfortunately long past the possibility of abatement. 
( Eu.) 
P. montanus (L.). EUROPEAN TREE SPARROW. Smaller; ¢ with black of throat 
not continued over chest ; top of head liver-brown. L. 53. W. 23. T. 23. Europe, 
naturalized about St Louis. 
