344 MAMMALIA : PRIMATES, — LIV. 
Famity CCIW. HOMINIDAS. (THE Men.) 
The most prominent characters of the Hominide are “derived 
from the distribution of hair on the body, which is subject to wide 
modification in the different races, from the fact that locomotion is 
easiest in the erect posture, owing to the relative shortness of the 
arms; from the greater length and mobility of the thumb and the 
comparative immobility of the great toe. Well-marked skeletal 
peculiarities are the possession of 12 rib-bearing vertebre, the 
rounded skull in which the muscular ridges are little prominent, 
and the great capacity of the cranium. This is, of course, in 
adaptation to the relatively enormous development of the cerebral 
hemispheres, which much exceed in bulk those of other primates 
and to which man owes his specific name.” It is apparent that dif- 
ferent races have arrived at different stages of evolution in the 
development of the brain, “as well as in the employment of articu- 
late speech, to which man owes the power of transmitting to others 
the results of his experience and his position as the ‘ highest ani- 
mal.” (Rk. Ramsay Wright.) As usually understood, this family 
contains but a single species, cosmopolitan, and highly variable. 
607. HOMO Linneus. (Lat., man.) 
1145. H. sapiens L. Man. This species is now split up into 
many sub-species or races, the native man of this continent, or 
“ American Indian,” being var. americanus L. Other races now 
naturalized in America are the Caucasian race, var. europeus L., 
the Mongolian race, var. asiaticus L., and the Negro race, var. afer 
L. The first of these is an immigrant from Europe, the second 
from Asia, and the third was brought hither from Africa by repre- 
sentatives of var. ewropceus to be used as slaves. The wild man, or 
typical var. sapiens, as described by Linnzus (‘ Homo diurnus : 
varians cultura, loco. tetrapus, mutus, hirsutus ”’), seems to be now 
extinct. (Lat., knowing.) (u.) 
“ Sic vivimus ut immortales et morimur ut mortales.” (Seneca.) 
