348 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 
Distal. Remote from point of attachment. 
Dorsal. Pertaining to the back. 
Dorsal fin. The fin on the back of fishes. 
Emarginate. Slightly forked or notched at the tip; abruptly narrowed 
or notched toward the tip (said of quills). 
Endoskeleton. The skeleton proper, — the inner bony framework of the 
body. 
Epignathous. Upper mandible hooked over tip of lower. 
Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected. 
Eustachian tubes. Tubes connecting the inner ear with the pharynx. 
Even (tail). Having all the feathers of equal length. 
Exoskeleton. Uard parts (scales, scutes, feathers, hairs) on the surface 
of the body. 
Exserted. Projecting beyond the general level. 
Extra-limital. Beyond the limits (of this book). 
Facial. Pertaining to the face. 
Falcate. Scythe-shaped; long, narrow, and curved. 
Falciform. Curved, like a scythe. 
Fauna. The animals inhabiting any region, taken collectively. 
Femoral. Pertaining to the femur, or proximal bone of the hinder leg. 
Fibula. The small outer leg bone. 
Filament. Any slender or thread-like structure. 
Filiform. Thread-form. 
Fissirostral. Having the bill very deeply cleft, beyond the base of the 
horny part, as in the Swallows. 
Fontanelle. An unossified space on top of head covered with mem- 
brane. 
Foramen. A hole or opening. 
Forehead. Frontal curve of head. 
Forficate. Deeply forked; scissors-like. 
Fosse (nasal). Grooves in which the nostrils open. 
Fossorial. Adapted for digging. 
Frontal bone. Anterior bone of top of head. 
Fulcra. Rudimentary spine-like projections extending on the anterior 
rays of the fins of ganoid fishes. 
Furcate. Forked. 
Fusiform. Spindle-shaped ; tapering toward both ends but rather more 
abruptly forward. 
Ganglion. A nerve centre. 
Ganoid. Scales or plates of bone covered by enamel. 
Gape. Opening of the mouth. 
Gastrosteges. Band-like plates along the belly of a serpent; ventral 
plates. 
Gills. Organs for breathing the air contained in water. 
Gill arches. The bony arches to which the gills are attached. 
Gill openings. Openings leading to or from the branchiz. 
Gill rakers. A series of bony appendages variously formed along the 
inner edge of the anterior gill arch. 
Glabrous. Smooth. 
