24 
INTRODUCTORY. 
VII. Edentata. The animals of this order have no inci- 
sory teeth in either jaw; some species have canine teeth and 
grinders, and others grinders only. Some genera are destitute 
of teeth: they have feet, with toes variable in number, which 
are armed with strong nails. 
VIII. Pachydermata. These have either three, or two 
kinds of teeth; the toes are variable in number, and furnished 
with strong nails or hoofs : the organs of digestion are formed 
for ruminating. 
IX. Ruminantia. The genera of this order have no incisory 
teeth in the upper jaw, and are usually furnished with eight in 
the lower one: there is a vacant space between the incisory 
teeth and the grinders. Some genera have one or two canine 
teeth: the grinders are twelve in each jaw; they have two toes 
protected by hoofs; they have four stomachs ; the males have 
always horns, as also the females in some species. 
X. Cetacea. The bodies of the animals composing this 
order, are shaped like those of fishes, terminated by an appen¬ 
dage nearly allied to the fin tail, which is cartilaginous and hori¬ 
zontal ; the head is joined to the body by a very short, thick 
neck ; they have two teats, which are either pectoral or abdo¬ 
minal. 
