MAMMALIA. 
27 
parts are connected with certain moral feelings and intellectual 
faculties, which are denied to the brutes; such as the sentiment 
of justice, veneration, the love of perfection ; the faculties of 
inventing and using artificial language, of wit, of tracing the 
relation of cause and effect, of calculation, and others. Man is 
distinguished from the lower animals also by difference of pro¬ 
portion between certain parts of the brain common to both: in 
man, for example, the anterior lobe connected with intellect, is 
greatly larger in proportion to the posterior lobe, connected with 
the lower propensities, than in brutes : these faculties confer on 
man his proper human character—they constitute him a rational, 
moral, and religious being. 
Man, under all his varied modifications, is but of one species. 
Cuvier has reduced these changes to three distinct varieties, 
which, he considers, preserve uniformity of character, namely, 
the white, or Caucasian ; the yellow, or Mongolian ; and the 
Negro, or Ethiopian. These, however, we consider too 
limited, and agree with Blumenbacb, that they may be divided 
into five races or varieties; viz. the Caucasian, Mongolian, 
Ethiopian, American, and Malayan. 
General Remarks .—In addition to the distinctions of Blu- 
menbach, we shall give the phrenological characters, that a clearer 
notion may be got of the varied modifications of the skull in man. 
These we have taken, together with the drawings of the different 
crania in plate III. from the valuable collection of the Phrenolo¬ 
gical Society. They were drawn through a lotted scale, from 
ordinary specimens, and exhibit on the plate their relative pro¬ 
portions. 
According to Phrenologists, the organs which manifest the 
propensities common to man with the lower animals, lie in the 
base, on the sides, and at the back portions of the brain ; those 
which manifest the moral sentiments, occupy the coronal or 
upper horizontal region ; and those which manifest the intellec¬ 
tual faculties, constitute the anterior lobe. The temperament 
means the quality of the brain. The skull indicates this by its 
texture. A low temperament is indicated by a coarse open grain 
in the core, and a high temperament by a fine close texture. 
