130 
MAMMALIA. 
Genus 4. — Cervus- — Linnceus. 
Generic Character .— Incisors °, no canines, or grinders 
; total 32 or 34. The canines, when they exist, are bent 
back and compressed ; head long, terminated by a muzzle; eyes 
large, pupils elongated transversely; most of the species have a 
lachrymal sinus; ears long and pointed; tongue soft; horns solid, 
deciduous, palmated, branched, or simple, in the males j females 
destitute of horns, except in one species; four inguinal mammae. 
Sub-Genus 1.— Alce. — Horns united into one blade or 
palm, more or less indented; no muzzle, nor canines; tail very 
short. 
Cervus alces. — The Elk. 
Plate XXVIII. fig. 6. 
Fur dark ashy-brown, or sometimes whitish; horns spreading 
into a broad palm ; with exterior snags; no separate branches; 
head hanging; muzzle very tumid, cartilaginous; ears long; 
neck short; a tuft of hair under the throat; hair long on the 
back of the neck ; legs very long. Seven feet high at withers. 
Inhabits the northern parts of Europe and Asia. 
Sub-Genus 2. — Rangifer. —Both sexes have horns; pal¬ 
mated or pointed at the brow, bezantlers, and at top ; incipient 
muzzle; canines in both sexes. 
Cervus tarandus. — The Rein-Deer. 
Plate XXVIII. fig. 7. 
Fur on the upper parts dark grayish-brown, whitish-gray be¬ 
neath ; tail very short. About five feet and a half long. Inha¬ 
bits the Arctic Circle of both Continents. 
In the background of the plate is represented the Laplander’s 
sledge, which these useful animals draw. 
Sub-Genus 3.—Dama. —Horns round, with brow bezantler 
pointed; summit palmated length-ways; no canines; with a 
muzzle. 
