AVES. 
199 
mandibles mostly without notches; feet with three toes before 
and one behind, the anterior ones entirely divided; wings of 
medium length. 
Genus 1.—ALAUDA.— Linnaeus. 
Generic Character. —Bill subconic, short; mandibles of equal 
length, the upper one slightly arcuated; nostrils basal, lateral, 
ovate, and partly concealed by short reflected feathers; claw of 
the hallux much produced, and nearly straight; wings with the 
first quills short, or awanting; the third the longest; coronal 
feathers usually produced, and capable of being erected into a 
crest. 
Alauda arvensis .— The Sky-Lark. 
Plate XLVI. fig. 10. 
Upper parts reddish-gray, the feathers being darker in the 
middle ; breast pale wood-brown, spotted with brownish-black ; 
a white list above the eyes; neck, breast, and hypochondria, 
reddish ; tail brown, the outer feathers tipped with white ; legs 
and feet dingy-yellow; claws brown. Six inches and a half 
long. Inhabits Europe. 
Alauda arborea .— The Wood-Lark. 
Plate XLVI. fig. 8. 
Reddish cinereous above, with a darker spot in the middle of 
the feathers; a white list extends over the eyes ; cheeks cream- 
yellow; lower parts straw-yellow; spotted on the neck and 
breast with black; wing-coverts tipped with white; tail shorter 
than that of the sky-lark; legs flesh-colour. Six inches long. 
Inhabits Europe. 
Genus 2 .—PAR US.— Linnaeus. 
Generic Character. —Bill strong, short, hard, subconic, and 
slightly compressed ; nostrils basal and round, covered with re¬ 
flected nuchal bristles ; legs strong; toes divided to their origin; 
hallux furnished with a long hooked claw; quills of medium 
length, or almost deficient; the second shorter than the third ; 
the fourth and fifth longest. 
Section I—Having the first quill feathers of medium length. 
Inhabitants of woods. 
