204 
AVES. 
Genus 9. — PYRRHULA. — Brisson. 
Generic Character. —Bill very black, short, with the sides 
tumid, both mandibles convex, the upper one gibbous, overhang¬ 
ing the lower one at the tip; culmen somewhat compressed, and 
resting on the forehead; nostrils basal, lateral, round, in general 
concealed by the feathers at the base of the bill; tarsus shorter 
than the middle toe; the toes free from their origin; wings 
short, with the fourth quill feather longest; tail somewhat 
rounded or square. 
Pyrrhula vulgaris. — The Bullfinch. 
Plate XLVII. fig. 6. 
Crown of the head, base of the bill, wings and tail velvet- 
black, tinged with violet-purple; nape of the neck and back 
fine blue-gray, the feathers silky and loose; cheeks, neck, 
breast, and abdomen orange-red ; rump and crissum white; 
greater wing-coverts tipped and margined with pinkish-white, 
forming a transverse bar across the wings ; legs dusky-brown. 
Six inches long. Inhabits Europe. 
Genus 10.—FRINGILLA.— Ittiger. 
Generic Character. —Bill straight, and perfectly conical, short, 
hard, and sharp at the point; culmen of the upper mandible gib¬ 
bous, frequently advancing in an angle on the forehead, and 
very slightly inclined at the tip; edges of under mandible a 
little inflected; nostrils basal, placed near the frontal bone, and 
partly hidden by the feathers in front; tarsus shorter than the 
middle toe; lateral toes free from their origin ; wings short, the 
third and fourth quills the longest; tails varied in form. 
Section I.—With bills very thick, the sides gibbous, more or 
less dilated, and the ridge rounded. 
Fringilla Chloris. — The Green Finch. 
Plate XLVII. fig. 7. 
Upper parts rich green, passing into yellow, the feathers mar¬ 
gined with ash-colour; greater wing-coverts and secondaries 
gray, the latter blackish in the centre; quills dark gray, outer 
edges yellow; middle tail feathers dark gray, margined with 
yellowish-gray; outer feathers chrome-yellow; bill pinkish- 
