258 
AVES. 
Section II_Intermediate and exterior toe united the length 
of the first joint. 
Tringa pugnax. — The Ruff. 
Plate LX 111. fig. l. 
Wing-coverts brownish-ash; upper parts and breast trans¬ 
versely barred with blackish-brown; abdomen and crissum 
white ; tail brown, the four middle feathers barred with black ; 
sinciput with a pendulous crest; neck provided with a ruff; 
bill reddish-yellow, tipped with black; irides hazel. Eleven 
and a half inches long. Inhabits Europe. Exceedingly variable 
in colour and markings. 
Genus 26. — TOTANUS— Bechstein. 
Generic Character. —Bill of medium length, straight, a little 
recurved in some species, point hard and acuminated; both man¬ 
dibles furrowed at the base, the tip of the upper one slightly bent 
over the under one; nostrils linear, longitudinal, situated in the 
furrow; legs long, slender; tibia partly naked; feet with three 
anterior toes, the exterior united to the intermediate one, ex¬ 
tending sometimes to the second joint; wings of medium length, 
first quill the longest. 
Section I. — Bill straight. 
Tutanus hypoleucos. — The Sandpiper. 
Plate LXII. fig. 4. 
Upper parts olive-brown, somewhat iridescent; the shafts 
with a black stripe ; wings and back with zigzag lines ; under 
parts white. Seven inches long. Inhabits Europe. 
Section II.—Bill a little recurved, straight at the point. 
Tutanus glottis. — The Greenshank. 
Plate LXII. fig. a. 
Gray-brown, with dusky spots; legs sea-green. Twelve and 
a half inches long. Inhabits Europe. 
Genus 27.—LIMOSA.— Brisson. 
Generic Character .—Bill very long, recurved, soft, flexible, 
