AVES. 
281 
Ale a impennis. — The Great Auk. 
Plate LX VII. fig. 5. 
Bill, head, neck, throat, back, tail, wings, and feet, brownish- 
black ; a spot in front of the eyes, and all the under parts, 
white ; lesser wing-coverts tipped with white. Three feet long. 
Inhabits the North Seas. 
Genus 27_SPHENJSCUS. —Brisson. 
Generic Character. —Bill shorter than the head, straight, la¬ 
terally compressed, very thick, strong, hooked at the point, and 
obliquely grooved ; edges of both mandibles inflected, the under 
one covered with feathers at its base, and sub-truncated at its 
tip ; nostrils small, linear, situated in the furrow, near the mid¬ 
dle of the bill; legs very short, thick, placed very far behind ; 
feet with three anterior toes, webbed to their tips ; hallux arti¬ 
culated on the inside of the tarsus, very short and thick ; nails 
long and slightly bent; wings very short, fin-shaped, and des¬ 
titute of plumes. 
Spheniscus chrysocome. — The Crested Penguin. 
Plate LXXVI. fig. 10. 
Crest consisting of black and yellow plumes; head, back of 
the neck, wings, back, rump, and tail, deep blue-black; under 
parts pure white ; irides, bill, and feet, orange. Two feet long. 
Inhabits Falkland Islands. 
Genus 28.—APTENODYTES. — Forster. 
Generic Character. —Bill longer than the head, slender, subu¬ 
late ; upper mandible with an oblique furrow, which is wide at 
the base, enveloped in a smooth skin; nostrils near the centre 
of the bill, placed high; legs very short, situated far back ; feet 
with three long anterior toes, connected to their tips by a web ; 
hallux jshort, articulated at the inner joint of the tarsus, and 
directed forward ; nails nearly straight; wings short, fin-shaped, 
having quill feathers only. 
Aptenodytes Pataclionica. — The Patagonian Penguin. 
Plate LXVI. fig. 12. 
Back dark blue-gray; breast, belly, and crissum, white; head, 
throat, and back of the neck, dark brown ; a waved black line 
extends from the back of the neck to the top of the wing; bill 
