32 LEPIDOPTERA. 



winter. Common all over the Continent of Europe, also 

 throughout Northern and Western Asia. 



3. Li. rubi, L. — Expanse, male 2 inches, female 2| to 

 2| inches, ]\Iale foxy-red; female red-brown or grey-brown; 

 each with two central pale transverse lines. 



Antennae of the male of moderate length, very stout and 

 conspicuous, pointing forward and then curved outward ; 

 pectinated with very long, solid, ciliated, somewhat clubbed 

 teeth set closely together, and with the rows inclining toward 

 each other ; shaft whitish-brown, pectinations red-brown. 

 Head small ; thorax very robust ; abdomen stout but tapering 

 a little ; all clothed with long, dense, red-brown scales, or 

 sometimes the front of the thorax is slightly clouded with 

 blackish or paler brown ; anal segments with a loose silky red- 

 brown tuft. Fore wings rather short but extremely broad, 

 very stoat and strong ; costa straight from the base to the 

 middle, where it commences to curve ; apex obtuse ; hind 

 margin slightly curved and but little oblique, with the anal 

 angle very full ; dorsal margin curved, and with the base of 

 the wings clothed with long scales ; deep red-brown or fox- 

 colour (whence the insect is commonly called the fox-moth), 

 with the nervures deeper red; first transverse line rather 

 straight, and nearly perpendicular, but not always attaining 

 the margins ; second line very slightly curved and a little 

 more oblique, placed just past the middle of the wing; both 

 lines rather broad and conspicuous, pale yellow-brown ; 

 beyond the second a broad transverse space is faintly suffused 

 with yellowish-brown scales, the outer edge of this space 

 forming a sort of indented irregular line at some distance 

 from the hind margin ; sometimes this suffusion of paler 

 scales is extended inward toward the base of the wing, in 

 other cases it is totally absent ; cilia red-brown. Hind wings 

 rather ample 'and more than usually rounded behind ; red- 

 brown ; nervures slightly darker ; cilia yellowish. 



Female variable in size, usually much larger than the male ; 



