8o LEPIDOPTERA. 



the costal aucl ^central area, with smoky-black, and having 

 large smoky-black lunate markings along the hind margin ; 

 hind wings white, legs and body smoky-grey. 



Not usually variable except in the depth of colour of the 

 markings, but a specimen in the collection of the late Mr. F. 

 Bond has scarcely any indication of the ovate central blotch. 



On the wing in May and the beginning of June, and, as a 

 second generation, at the end of July and in August. 



Larva stout, swollen in front, thickest at the fourth 

 segment, thence tapering ; head small, projecting over the 

 second segment ; third and fourth segments each with two 

 small dorsal tubercles ; no anal prolegs ; anal segment ter- 

 minating in a sharp spike. Colour reddish-chocolate ; dorsal 

 line, tubercles, and underside of the tail darker ; head dark- 

 brown, face paler ; a large oval paler spot, often very indis- 

 tinct, lies over the fourth to the sixth segments, and is 

 continued, faintly, as a narrow band to the tail. A white 

 spot lies between the two projections on the fourth segment, 

 and two white lines margin the darker anal segment, which is 

 tipped with dark brown. The dorsal line ends in a dark 

 spot on the eleventh segment ; there is a raised lateral line 

 from the head to the fifth. (C. Fenn.) 



In June and the beginning of July, and, as a second 

 generation, in September and October ; on hawthorn, apple, 

 pear, and mountain ash. When young eating only the upper 

 surface of the leaves and making brown blotches. When 

 more grown feeding in the ordinary manner. 



Pupa. — -Head very blunt ; abdomen tapering ; tail blunt 

 with a short spike. Wing-cases dark grey with a blue efflor- 

 escence ; abdomen pale red ; incisions brown. In a thin, 

 tough, brown, silken cocoon among leaves or in crevices of 

 bark. Pupa very lively, if disturbed it makes a noise by 

 friction against its cocoon. (C. Fenn.) 



The moth flies at night about hedges as well as woods, and 

 is readily attracted to a light, and very gentle, sitting down 



