NO TODONTID.-E. 1 1 1 



mated. Their peculiar coloration then forms a very efficient 

 protective resemblance to a brown and white fungus which 

 grows in whorls up the sides of the palings and in similar 

 situations, and the result is extremely bizarre, especially as 

 I saw once, when six males and one female — evidently a case 

 of assembling — were sitting close together on the edge 

 of one paling ; the resemblance to the fungus in question 

 being then extraordinary." 



Very widely distributed, apparently occurring, though far 

 from commonly, in all the counties of the southern half of 

 England ; still more rarely throughout the fen districts and 

 most of the midland and western counties ; becoming more 

 frequent in Staffordshire, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire, and in 

 the mosses of Cheshire and Lancashire ; and not rare in 

 Herefordshire, Glamorganshire, Merionethshire and Cumber- 

 land. Far more common in Scotland, occurring throughout 

 that country except the Isles, and especially attached to the 

 hillsides and the valleys which run deeply into the hills, 

 in which the birch is usually the most abundant tree. In 

 Ireland it has been found near Dublin and in Wicklow, 

 Mayo, Westmeath, Galway, Roscommon, Cavan, Tyrone, and 

 Donegal, but apparently never commonly. Abroad its range 

 extends throughout Central Europe, the temperate portions 

 of Northern Europe, Piedmont, France and Lapland. 



3. N. ziczac, L. — Expanse If to 2 inches. Fore wings 

 pale brown, white toward the costa, with a very large oval 

 purple-brown and grey blotch beyond the middle. 



Antennffi of the male pectinated with rather strong teeth 

 to near the apex, where they become broader, but so short as 

 to be obscure ; light brown. Head rough, purplish-brown ; 

 thorax broad, covered with dense, rather raised, long purple- 

 brown scales ; collar darker ; shoulder lappets raised and 

 edged with black ; back of thorax almost crested with raised 

 black and dark purple-brown scales ; abdomen stout, greyish- 

 brown, rather downy, with a very short, thick, anal tuft. 



