NOTODONTID^. 123 



similar to the larva of N. ziczac as to be difficult to distinguish 

 from it, but usually darker. 



June and July, and again in the autumn, on poplar and 

 aspen. 



Pupa stout and cylindrical, rounded in front, and tapering 

 off suddenly and very abruptly behind ; indeed almost as 

 much rounded off as in front, and with two or three short 

 bent spines placed abruptly on the curved end. Dark brown, 

 wing-cases longitudinally striated. 



In a thin white silky cocoon, very tough and strong, between 

 leaves or underground. In this condition through the winter. 



The moth flies, like its allies, at night, but nothing is 

 known of its habits in the perfect state in this country. 

 Only one reliable British specimen is known. It was reared 

 by Mr. Frank Norgate, formerly of Sparham, Norfolk, now 

 of Bury St. Edmund's, from either an egg or larva found by 

 him in North Norfolk in July or August 1882 ; but as the 

 eggs there found produced what were supposed to be dark 

 varieties of the larva of JV. ziczac, they were not kept separate 

 from other JV. ziczac larv« also found in the same division of 

 Norfolk. Most unfortunately these larvas did not receive 

 sufficient attention, mainly because the captor was then 

 travelling a good deal, and but one moth was reared, which 

 Mr. Norgate placed, with doubt, in his series of N. trepida, 

 to which it bears considerable resemblance. From that 

 series I had the pleasure of separating it. No subsequent 

 indication of the presence of the species with us has been 

 obtained, and the larvae may have been the result of a casual 

 immigration. Yet the species seems a very probable denizen 

 of the Eastern Counties. 



Abroad it is rather local, and apparently never very 

 common, but found in France, Belgium, Germany, Switzer- 

 land, Piedmont, Finland, Central and Eastern Russia, and 

 Tartary. 



7. N. dromedarius, L. — Expanse 1^ to 2 inches. Fore 



