i66 LEPIDOPTERA. 



aud the North, but very uncertain, and irregular. In 

 Scotland it seems to be more local, yet found throughout 

 the south ; rather common in Clydesdale, and at one time 

 abundant at Moncrieff Hill, Perth ; elsewhere found 

 occasionally, and locally, almost to Sutherlandshire. Found 

 more commonly in most parts of Ireland. Abroad it is 

 plentiful all over Europe except in the extreme North and 

 South, also in the Balkan Provinces, Syria and other parts of 

 Asia Minor, Southern Russia and Siberia. In the South of 

 Europe a form is met with in which the yellow discal spot is 

 enlarged to a conspicuous blotch ; the pale spot at the anal 

 angle also large and yellow, and the hind wings unusually 

 white. It is called hucephaloides, but appears to have no 

 sufficient distinguishing character. 



Genus 11. CLOSTERA. 



Antennae of the males strongly pectinated with long solid 

 ciliated teeth to the tips ; rather curved inward. Head 

 small and retracted, thorax strongly crested ; abdomen 

 suddenly narrowed at the tail and having a forked anal tuft ; 

 fore wings rather triangular, broad behind. 



This is a compact genus of a few closely allied species, and 

 apparently not nearly related to any other. 



Larva rather stout, living between united leaves on trees 

 or shrubs. 



Pupa in the larval habitation, or among dead leaves. 



1. C. cur tula, L. — Expanse 1| to 1^ inch. Fore wings 

 reddish-grey with four slender white cross lines and a large 

 chocolate red blotch at the tip ; thorax strongly crested. 



Antennae regularly pectinated with rather short teeth 

 which are delicately ciliated ; head rich chocolate-red except 

 a tuft of short whitish scales at the base of each antenna ; 

 thorax rather stout, pale reddish-grey, with a large central 

 blotch, broadest in front, of long upright scales of a brilliant 



