C YMA TOPHORID.E. 1 91 



a slight hollow in the hind margin before the anal angle ; 

 greyish-white at the base, gradually shading off to dark grey 

 behind, but with an indistinct whitish central transverse 

 band ; nervures dark grey ; cilia light brown, tipped with 

 whitish. Female similar, but with the abdomen rather 

 stouter and more pointed ; tufts smaller. 



Underside of fore wings whitish-grey, shading to smoky- 

 grey toward the costa ; a dark grey central shade ; and from 

 the costa two black bars, followed by whitish patches, the 

 large spots of the upper side faintly visible. Hind wings 

 whitish ; nervures grey ; and with pale grey transverse clouds. 

 Body and legs tufted with greyish-white, but first pair of 

 legs blackish in front and tufted with white. 



Usually not variable, but specimens from western districts, 

 as South Wales and the North of Ireland, frequently have 

 the pink colouring of the back of the thorax and of the large 

 spots paler or replaced by pale buff. 



On the wing in June and July ; occasionally as a second 

 generation in August, September, or even October. 



Larva naked, rather velvety ; head large, divided, the 

 divisions rounded ; on the back of the second segment is a 

 divided tubercle or hump, and one still larger on the third, 

 the points of which rather curve forward ; on the fifth to the 

 tenth are raised, undivided humps or ridges, and on the fifth 

 and sixth are also lateral swellings ; on the twelfth is a rather 

 conical raised hump or ridge ; all these humps are dark olive- 

 brown, but pale brown at the back ; the remainder of the 

 upper surface is pale olive-brown or reddish-brown ; under 

 surface and legs pale brown ; along the spiracular region is 

 an irregular brown line. 



July to September on bramble, and occasionally raspberry ; 

 feeding at night, and concealed under dead leaves during the 

 day. It usually rests with its anal segment slightly elevated. 



Pupa short and thick, rather angulated or almost bluntly 

 pointed in front ; thorax very thick and short ; abdomen even 



