244 LEPIDOPTERA. 



skin of the .larva was of the richest velvety crimson-brown. 

 When half grown it has no humps ; the ground colour is 

 green, the head black, and tbere are dark purplish-crimson- 

 brown Uotches down the middle of the back. (Condensed 

 from Buckler.) 



Of the infant larva Dr. Chapman says that it is very 

 flimsy and transparent, with hairs nearly half its own length ; 

 segments, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12 dark, the rest pale; on the 

 eleventh segment the raised spots are small and the hairs 

 short, as in the young larvfe of nearly all this group ; head 

 tinted with indigo. At this time it rests underneath a leaf 

 curled in a horse-shoe shape, and eats holes in the substance 

 of the leaf, and does not commence to eat through a leaf until 

 after the second moult. 



August and the beginning of September on hawthorn, and 

 probably blackthorn. 



Pupa of ordinary form, pale greenish-brown with a darker 

 dorsal line, the leg and wing cases so transparent that the 

 incisions of the segments of the body beneath them are very 

 distinct, and the tracheal vessels running down the antennse 

 and legs are obvious. The whole pupa looks extremely 

 delicate and fragile. The spiracles are dark raised rings and 

 are the only solid looking parts of the pupa. The anal 

 armature consists of two dorsal and six ventral spines ; these 

 are long compared to the size of the pupa, and are hooked. 

 When ready to pupate the larva will bore into rotten wood 

 or will go into a stem of reed or elder, or form a cocoon 

 among sawdust or loose rubbish. In rotten wood, which 

 seems to please it best, it prefers to go in horizontally in a 

 perpendicular face and then bore upwards, but it differs from 

 (tlni in that when it has closed the opening, to all appearance 

 in much the same way, the diaphragm so made is the actual 

 top or outlet of the cocoon proper, there being no inner 

 structure. The space excavated is lined with a little silk, 

 and here and there by a fevv chips removed apparently in 



