248 LEPIDOPTERA. 



dorsal red and -black markings. The infant larva is described 

 by Dr. Chapman as having no humps, but is almost covered 

 with the plates formed by the raised spots, which are large 

 and crowded, in souie cases apparently fused together ; each 

 bears a long hair; the general colour is whitish, but segments 

 5, 8, 9, and 12, are reddish-brown. After the first skin is 

 cast more hairs appear, and also indications of the coloured 

 markings, but the eleventh segment is inferior to the rest in 

 these respects. By the time that the second change of skin 

 arrives an orange-coloured dorsal stripe has appeared, inter- 

 rupted on the fifth segment, where already are faint 

 indications of a hump, and on the twelfth, where is a white 

 cross ; the thirteenth segment is now bright orange-red. 

 After the second moult the larva becomes very brilliant, a 

 row of white spots on segments six to ten, and the white 

 cross on the twelfth contrast with the rich orange of the 

 dorsal band and the black below "so as to give the effect of 

 gems richly set." After the fourth moult the head becomes 

 black, the dorsal hump on the fifth segment has come to 

 look like an excrescence rather than a portion of the 

 segment, which in size and shape otherwise resembles the 

 rest ; from this the segments diminish to the eleventh, which 

 still is rather small and weak, \vhile the twelfth is large and 

 furnished with its hump ; the markings now tend towards 

 those in the full grown larva, but are more complicated ; 

 orange-yellow on the back, then black with white spots, 

 " like a boss of white porcelain," and orange-red spots and 

 streaks ; below this, fuscous marbled with reddish-white or 

 dirty-white in small rings ; below this, orange-red lines and 

 patches. As it comes to full growth the inferiority of 

 segment eleven vanishes, and the adult colouring is assumed; 

 the hairs after the fifth moult are at first long, but gradually 

 become broken or injured and far less conspicuous. When it 

 has finished feeding and desires to spin up, the colouring 

 becomes much more dingy. Dr. Chapman's details are so full 

 that it is difficult to compress them into the space that can 



