26o LEPIDOPTERA. 



ringed with black ; the sides of the body sliglitly garnished 

 with hairs of a pale drab colour. (W. Buckler.) 



The larva when newly hatched is pale, but very shortly the 

 raised sj)ots become black, and they are so closely set to- 

 gether as to make the larva appear quite black ; when 

 stretched out in feeding it can be seen that the third, fourth, 

 sixth, seventh, tenth, eleventh, and thirteenth segments, are 

 paler than the others. As it grows the spots separate and 

 the larva becomes of a chocolate-brown with black spots and 

 lighter markings — principally whitish rings round the raised 

 spots and on the pale segments, and a white streak below 

 them. The head is then black, the raised spots are furnished 

 with from five to seven or eight hairs each. After the first 

 moult the body again appears black from the larger size of the 

 raised spots, but very soon the brown colour is again apparent ; 

 the fifth and twelfth segments are now swollen, or rather 

 humped, and the eleventh noticeably small and slender ; the 

 hairs are more numerous, and the whitish rings round the 

 raised spots gradually assume a yellow colour on the pale 

 segments. A similar process of colour-changes takes place 

 after the second moult, and yellow markings appear on the 

 last two segments. After the third change of skin some 

 larvae continue similar to before, others begin to assume 

 brighter colouring, and many of the raised spots become of a 

 brilliant orange colour ; the hairs, which are now still more 

 numerous, varying from black to orange according to their 

 position ; the fifth and twelfth segments are still rather 

 humped, and this continues after the fourth moult and till 

 near full-growth when the twelfth segment has become even 

 with the rest, and the fifth but very slightly larger. At the 

 same time the adult colouring is gradually assumed, in some 

 larvas with only four changes of skin, in others with five. 

 (Condensed from Dr. Chapman's memoir). 



June, and the beginning of July, and in a second genera- 

 tion in September; on oak, birch, bramble, raspberry, and 

 whortleberry. 



