270 LEPIDOPTERA. 



districts in England, and in many parts, especially wooded dis- 

 tricts, in abundance. Formerly it was common in the outskirts 

 of London, but from some cause has not been noticed there 

 for several years. In Wales it is plentiful, to Pembrokeshire; 

 in Scotland generally common in both pale and dark forms ; 

 extending to Moray and West Ross, and in the mountains 

 reaching an altitude of 2000 feet above the sea-level ; also all 

 over Ireland, and perhaps more extreme in its variations there 

 than in Scotland or England. Abroad it is very widely dis- 

 tributed all over the continent of Europe except in the extreme 

 north, also in Northern Africa, Northern Asia, Turkey, China, 

 Japan, and the Corea, occurring in the same variations. Its 

 habit in this country of producing a partial second generation 

 in the year is confirmed, and doubtless extended, in warmer 

 climates, since at Gibraltar it is said to emerge from the pupa 

 in February. 



The figures 320, 321 called " cuplwrhioi " and " cuphrasim " 

 in Wood's Indcr Entomologicus appear to refer to the dark varie- 

 ties of this species, as well as that of saUcis in Curtis's work. 



12. A. ligustri, Schiff. — Expanse Ih inch. Fore wings dark 

 olive-green or olive-brown, abundantly marbled with black ; 

 orbicular stigma paler ; a large ovate pale blotch beyond the 

 reniform stigma ; hind wings dark grey-brown. 



Antennge of the male rather short, simple, dark-brown ; 

 palpi tufted, whitish barred with black ; apical joint obscured 

 with long scales ; head whitish with three black horizontal 

 bars; thorax mottled, black and white, the collar and 

 shoulder-lappets being white, broadly edged with black, the 

 upper surface similar, and at the back a large crest bordered 

 and tipped with black ; fascicles of moderate size, yellowish ; 

 abdomen yellowish-brown with a dorsal row of four or five 

 black tufts or crests ; lateral and anal tufts small, brownish. 

 Fore wings rather broad ; costa gently curved ; apex bluntly 

 rounded ; hind margin not very oblique, and very gently 

 rounded, with the anal angle rather full ; dorsal margin 



