212 
glands (a point I hope soon to investigate), we should 
have a remarkable confirmation of my suggestion that the 
lung-books or tracheæ and the spinning-glands of the 
Araneids are homologous structures as common deriva- 
tives from setiparous glands. We learn also from these 
nine pairs of abdominal apertures in Obisium that the 
limitation of the number of stigmata in Scorpio is not 
original, i e. inherited from a Limulus ancestor, but is 
due to a secondary reduction of what where originally 
segmental structures along the whole abdomen.« 
Nobody will be able to deny that considering the 
length of the quotation we find in this as many ingenious 
speculations as may fairly be expected; I am. sorry, 
however, to be obliged to state that they are false one 
and all. 
1) The spiracles in Chelonethi are not found on 
the 2d and 8d, but on the 3d and 4th segment, as stated 
by Croneberg p. 444 in the treatise quoted by Bernard 
himself: »jederseits in dem Winkel zwischen 3ter und 
4ter resp. 4ter und 5ter Bauchschiene«. Bernard might 
have avoided this mistake by reading Croneberg properly; 
Pocock reports (op. cit. p, 6) the correct about at the 
same time as bernard, saying: »the stigmata are situated 
in the third and fourth abdominal somites.« 2) B. says 
that there are 9 pairs of spiracles on the 9 »posterior 
segments«<; it seems thus evident that he counts but 10 
segments in the abdomen, if the Ist segment only is 
devoid of spiracles, but 11 segments have already long 
ago been pointed out by several authors. 3) The 7 
hindmost pairs of »stigmata« found by B. are 
the above mentioned lyriform organs (I have 
found these fissures only on 5 of the sternites, but the 
number mentioned by B. is perhaps found in some of 
the specimens or in another species); he has not seen 
that similar shorter or longer fissures are found towards 
