﻿SPONGIIPA. 
  371 
  

  

  a. 
  Papers, 
  describing 
  about 
  70 
  species 
  from 
  Ceylon, 
  by 
  Carter 
  

   (' 
  Annals 
  and 
  Magazine 
  of 
  Natural 
  History,' 
  ser. 
  5, 
  vol. 
  vi. 
  pp. 
  35, 
  

   129, 
  viii. 
  p. 
  361, 
  xi. 
  p. 
  353); 
  one 
  by 
  Eblers 
  (Die 
  Esperschen 
  

   Spongien 
  &c.), 
  redescribing 
  4 
  species 
  from 
  Ceylon 
  and 
  South 
  India; 
  

   and 
  one 
  by 
  Uowerbank, 
  describing 
  a 
  few 
  from 
  Ceylon 
  (Proceedings 
  

   of 
  the 
  Zoological 
  Society 
  of 
  London, 
  1873, 
  p. 
  25). 
  

  

  b. 
  A 
  paper, 
  describing 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  species 
  from 
  Mauritius, 
  by 
  Carter 
  

   (Ann. 
  & 
  Mag. 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  ser. 
  5, 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  pp. 
  284, 
  343). 
  

  

  c. 
  Descriptions 
  of 
  3 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  lied 
  Sea, 
  by 
  Carter 
  (torn, 
  

   cit. 
  p. 
  298) 
  and 
  Bowerbank 
  (Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  1872, 
  p. 
  630). 
  

  

  d. 
  Papers 
  by 
  Bowerbank, 
  describing 
  17 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  Straits 
  

   of 
  Malacca 
  (Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  1869, 
  p. 
  325 
  ; 
  1875, 
  p. 
  281). 
  

  

  e. 
  A 
  paper 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  author, 
  describing 
  3 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  

   north 
  of 
  jNew 
  Guinea 
  (op. 
  cit. 
  1877, 
  p. 
  450). 
  

  

  /. 
  A 
  paper 
  by 
  Carter 
  (Philosoph. 
  Transactions 
  Eoyal 
  Society, 
  

   vol. 
  1 
  68. 
  p. 
  286), 
  describing 
  8 
  species 
  from 
  Kerguelen 
  Island. 
  

  

  The 
  Calcarea 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  have 
  received 
  considerable 
  attention 
  

   from 
  Prof. 
  Hiickel 
  in 
  his 
  famous 
  monograph 
  ; 
  and 
  a 
  pupil 
  of 
  his 
  

   (Schuffner) 
  has 
  described 
  (Jenaische 
  Zeitsch. 
  1878) 
  some 
  species 
  

   collected 
  at 
  Mauritius. 
  The 
  'Challenger' 
  collection 
  (Z. 
  c. 
  p. 
  366) 
  pro- 
  

   duced 
  6 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ocean. 
  

  

  I 
  propose 
  here 
  only 
  to 
  notice 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  salient 
  facts 
  of 
  the 
  

   distribution, 
  the 
  known 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  being 
  given 
  below 
  

   under 
  each. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  110 
  species 
  described 
  below, 
  only 
  27 
  species 
  (25 
  per 
  cent.) 
  

   are 
  known 
  with 
  certainty 
  to 
  occur 
  outside 
  the 
  Australian 
  seas. 
  

   Of 
  these 
  :— 
  

  

  a. 
  One, 
  Leucetta 
  prirnigenia, 
  is 
  almost 
  cosmopolitan. 
  

  

  h. 
  Four, 
  viz. 
  Beniera 
  mdistincta, 
  Gidlixs 
  coiichi, 
  Suherites 
  carnosus, 
  

   Hymeniacidon 
  canineula, 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  seas. 
  

  

  c. 
  Five, 
  viz. 
  Euspongia 
  ojjicinalis, 
  Cacospongia 
  moUior, 
  Reniera 
  

   aqnaxluctus, 
  Tedania 
  digitata., 
  Oellius 
  Jjhidatus, 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Mediter- 
  

   ranean, 
  the 
  last 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  Portuguese 
  coast. 
  

  

  d. 
  Three, 
  viz. 
  Gladocludina 
  armigera, 
  Acervoclialina 
  Jimthna, 
  Te- 
  

   dania 
  digitata, 
  in 
  the 
  West 
  Indies. 
  

  

  e. 
  One, 
  viz. 
  Cladoclialina 
  pergamentacea, 
  near 
  the 
  Brazilian 
  coast. 
  

  

  f. 
  One, 
  viz. 
  Siplionochaliaa 
  tubulosa, 
  is 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  Cape 
  of 
  

   Good 
  Hope. 
  

  

  g. 
  Three, 
  viz. 
  Tuhidodigitus 
  communis, 
  Spirastrella 
  vagahunda, 
  

   Geodia 
  glohostellifera, 
  from 
  Ceylon 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  also 
  from 
  Kurrachee. 
  

  

  h. 
  Fourteen 
  (comprising 
  4 
  Ceratosa, 
  1 
  or 
  2 
  each 
  of 
  Calcarea, 
  

   Tetractinellida, 
  and 
  of 
  each 
  family 
  of 
  the 
  Monactinellida 
  except 
  the 
  

   Suberitidae) 
  from 
  the 
  tropical 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Indian 
  Ocean 
  

   (see 
  Part 
  II. 
  of 
  this 
  Boport). 
  

  

  ^. 
  Six, 
  viz. 
  Toxochalina 
  folioides, 
  Gellius 
  cmichi, 
  G. 
  variiis, 
  Rlii- 
  

   zocJudina 
  s-ingaporensis, 
  Iotrochotapurpurea,Glatlina 
  frondif 
  era, 
  hom. 
  

   the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Malacca. 
  

  

  j. 
  One, 
  viz. 
  To.vocJifdina 
  folioides, 
  from 
  New 
  (Tuinoa. 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  be 
  noticed 
  that 
  the 
  most 
  widely 
  ranging 
  forms 
  belong 
  

   inmost 
  cases 
  to 
  very 
  generalized 
  types, 
  such 
  as 
  might 
  bo 
  expected 
  to 
  

   possess 
  considerable 
  antiquity, 
  and 
  hence 
  a 
  wide 
  distribution. 
  Another' 
  

  

  2b 
  2 
  

  

  