﻿SPONGIIDA. 
  393 
  

  

  usually 
  adopted 
  in 
  the 
  family 
  Chalinidae, 
  viz. 
  that 
  by 
  llie 
  external 
  

   form, 
  in 
  which 
  both 
  Carter 
  and 
  Schmidt 
  agree, 
  80 
  long 
  as, 
  in 
  the 
  

   remaining 
  features 
  of 
  their 
  organization, 
  the 
  different 
  members 
  of 
  

   the 
  family 
  did 
  not 
  present 
  any 
  sufficiently 
  distinctive 
  characters, 
  it 
  

   was 
  impossible 
  to 
  do 
  otherwise 
  than 
  arrange 
  them 
  by 
  this 
  character, 
  

   which, 
  indeed, 
  appears 
  to 
  possess, 
  from 
  its 
  approximate 
  constancy 
  in 
  

   the 
  species, 
  more 
  importance 
  than 
  in 
  some 
  other 
  families 
  of 
  Monacti- 
  

   nellida. 
  Now, 
  however, 
  that 
  two 
  mai'kedly 
  distinct 
  types 
  of 
  ttesh- 
  

   spicules 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  occur 
  (cf. 
  the 
  ancliorate 
  in 
  Homieodlctija 
  

   (Chalina, 
  Carter) 
  2^<ilmat((, 
  Johnston), 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  normal 
  ace- 
  

   rate 
  or 
  fine 
  subcylindrical, 
  it 
  seems 
  necessary 
  to 
  apply 
  the 
  same 
  rule 
  

   as 
  in 
  other 
  families, 
  and 
  allow 
  the 
  spicular 
  characters, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  

   well 
  marked, 
  precedence 
  over 
  those 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  form. 
  

   Thus 
  I 
  have 
  thought 
  it 
  right 
  to 
  unite 
  here 
  species 
  which 
  would, 
  

   cceteris 
  ^Jffj'iiws, 
  be 
  classed 
  in 
  groups 
  Reptata 
  and 
  Aculeata 
  of 
  two 
  

   distinct 
  families 
  (Chalinida 
  and 
  Cavochalinida) 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Carter's 
  classi- 
  

   fication. 
  This 
  single 
  spicular 
  character 
  is 
  supported 
  in 
  this 
  case 
  by 
  

   the 
  coexistence 
  of 
  a 
  firm 
  texture 
  and 
  a 
  rectangular 
  arrangement 
  of 
  

   the 
  skeleton-fibre. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  comparatively 
  slight 
  value 
  of 
  aculeation 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  

   and 
  of 
  erect 
  or 
  decumbent 
  growth, 
  see 
  below 
  under 
  Cladochalina 
  

   suhannigera. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  present 
  collection 
  the 
  family 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  

   7 
  genera 
  (8, 
  if 
  Siplionochulina 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  distinct 
  from 
  

   Tuba) 
  and 
  15 
  species, 
  of 
  which 
  1 
  genus 
  and 
  5 
  species 
  are 
  described 
  

   as 
  new. 
  The 
  latter 
  are 
  probably 
  not 
  forms 
  of 
  any 
  great 
  rarity, 
  but 
  

   owe 
  their 
  novelty 
  to 
  the 
  very 
  slight 
  attention 
  which 
  has 
  hitherto 
  

   been 
  paid 
  to 
  the 
  Chalinidje 
  of 
  the 
  ludo-Pacific 
  region 
  ; 
  the 
  chief 
  con- 
  

   tributors 
  to 
  the 
  fauna 
  hitherto 
  being 
  Mr. 
  Carter, 
  who 
  has 
  described 
  

   or 
  re-identified 
  some 
  8 
  or 
  9 
  forms 
  from 
  this 
  region, 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Bower- 
  

   bank, 
  with 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  species. 
  The 
  identification 
  of 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  

   is 
  unfortunately 
  somewhat 
  uncertain, 
  from 
  the 
  very 
  scanty 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  given 
  by 
  Lamarck, 
  their 
  original 
  describer. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  Toxochalina, 
  the 
  species 
  have 
  a 
  strong 
  

   resemblance 
  to 
  Atlantic 
  forms, 
  and 
  in 
  three 
  cases 
  {Cladochalina 
  

   arniigera, 
  G. 
  pergamentacea 
  and 
  Acervochalina 
  finitima) 
  have 
  been 
  

   satisfactorily 
  determined 
  as 
  identical 
  with 
  species 
  found 
  near 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  coast 
  of 
  America 
  (West 
  Indies 
  and 
  Brazil_). 
  

  

  CHALINA, 
  Boiverhanl: 
  

  

  This 
  genus 
  was 
  merely 
  mentioned 
  by 
  name 
  in 
  Grant's 
  ' 
  Tabular 
  

   View 
  of 
  the 
  Animal 
  Kingdom 
  ' 
  (1861). 
  In 
  1864 
  Dr. 
  Bowerbank* 
  

   (first) 
  defined 
  correctly 
  the 
  genus, 
  assigning 
  to 
  it 
  Spongia 
  ocidata, 
  

   Pallas, 
  as 
  its 
  type 
  species. 
  Schmidt 
  therefore 
  appears 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  

   the 
  wrong 
  when 
  he 
  (Atl. 
  Geb. 
  p. 
  32) 
  removes 
  this 
  species 
  to 
  his 
  genus 
  

   Chalimdu, 
  of 
  1868, 
  and 
  restricts 
  Chalina 
  to 
  species 
  which 
  have 
  the 
  

   habitus 
  of 
  Euspongia 
  and 
  Cacospongia. 
  

  

  * 
  Mon. 
  Biit. 
  Spong. 
  i. 
  p. 
  208. 
  

  

  