the antcnnai of Hcpialidm — Lcpidoptcra Jvgatie. 503 



and imaginal — to be more ancient than Hcpialidx, and 

 accepted as such by Bodine and Chapman in respect to 

 antennal structure, has (suhjntijmreUa) elongated scape 

 and fully-scaled clavola — forty-one segments in number — 

 the scales bidentate, alignment not definite, the outer row 

 of scales overlap base of next segment ; the segments are 

 circular in transverse section, and are clothed with a prowth 

 of primary hairs, the apical segment an elongated cone 

 with scales, "primary " hairs and numerous bristles. An 

 associated genus Mcsarchaia (Jianiadel^olw) furnishes a form 

 with short scape, fully-scaled clavola, the scales bidentate, 

 overlapping. PaLvoviicra {chakophancs) furnishes a ibrm 

 with short scape curiously swollen at both ends, the clavola 

 having on each segment a few remarkable broad leaf-like 

 scales jolaced in pairs, one of each almost covering its 

 fellow ; on the segments bristles rise from beneath, between 

 and beyond the scales. We have the support of our 

 authorities in selecting the eriocrauid form of antenna 

 as being probably the most generalized. 



Examining our material among the Hcpialidx, Oncoptcra 

 arrests our attention. Two or three basal segments are 

 not unlike the eriocranid in shape, circular in transverse 

 f ecfcion, apparently fully scaled on all aspects ; the segments 

 beyond giadually become less eriocranid-like, shorter, 

 broader, and developing towards the apical segment 

 a ventral ridge. Completely scaled as are the basal 

 segments with typical flat, striated, bidentate scales, align- 

 ment not definitely two rows,* the outer scales overlapping 

 next segment, localization of hairs commences on a ventral 

 area of the third clavola segment, where there are only 

 "primary" hairs and one or two bristles, gradually the 

 scales are replaced on a larger ventral area, " sense " hairs 

 develop, tiie scales becoming dorsal only. We find associ- 

 ated with the scaled clavola of Oncoptcra an elongate scape ; 

 we suspect that with fuller material others would be found 

 with elongate scape and somewhat fully-scaled clavola ; 

 meanwhile we look upon these as primitive characters 

 retained by Oncoptcra, which has, however, somewhat 

 specialized on the other clavola segments. 



The clavola segments of Hcpicdvs and Charagia are 

 circular in transverse section, and the apical segment of 

 some species, like Eriocrania, is an elongate cone; HJmmuli 



* I cannot detect alternate lines of scales and hairs, there appear 

 to be only scales except for occasional bristles. 



