( xxviii ) 



that which is far commoner in Nymphaline genera (KaUima, 

 Doleschallia, Anaxc, Precis, etc.), viz. the resemblance not to a 

 fiagment but an entire dead leaf, with midrib and suggestion of 

 Literal oblique venation. In this latter form of disguise, holes 

 are frequently suggested in the apparent leaf, either by opaque 

 ' body-colour ' as in Do/eschaUia, by transparent windows as 

 in Kallima, or by actual discontinuity, as is probably the case in 

 certain species of Amva in which the deeply-cut bay in the inner 

 margin of the fore-wing may be converted into the likeness 

 of a hole by closure along its open side by the costal margin 

 of the hind-wing, in the manner indicated in one of the 

 specimens exhibited. In certain parts of the under surface of 

 Kallima a hole is suggested by ' body-colour,' in other parts 

 by transparency, and the latter is undoubtedly the more recent 

 and more highly-specialized method ; for when the transparent 

 window is examined under the microscope scattered opaque 

 white scales can still be seen in abundance over its surface, 

 not thickly placed so as to prevent the passage of light, but 

 witnesses to an earlier and less perfect representation of light 

 shining through a hole. 



" It is interesting to note that the holes represented in these 

 apparent dead leaves seem to have been produced by gnawing, 

 whereas in the leaf-fragment suggested by C -album the 

 forces of the inorganic environment, which by their prolonged 

 action have produced the wear and tear of the margin, 

 have also been responsible for the more centrally-placed dis- 

 continuity. Comparing various species of the genus Polygonia 

 {Grapta), it is seen that the curved C-like window occurs in 

 several; in some the suggested rent is V-like, while occasionally 

 the mark appears to represent a hole of a reniform shape." 



Professor Poultox also exhibited a pair of Hypolimnas 

 7nisi2ypus taken "in coitu" on Feb. 3rd, 1903, by Mr. Horace 

 A. Byatt, B.A. (Lincoln College, Oxford), near his highland 

 home at a height of 4500 to 5000 feet, in Dedza,Central Angoni- 

 land, British Central Africa. The specimens are remarkable 

 in that the female is excessively worn and old, far more so 

 than the male. Such an observation tends towards the con- 

 ■clusion that pairing occux's more than once in the life of an 

 individual of this species. 



