46 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



ceiice of the leaves and the condition of the leaves when unfolding, 

 Avhich differ slightly Avith these two kinds of fruits. Mature mites 

 may be found in the leaf tissues during the first week in May, and 

 from then on into September eggs and larviie are present in the galls 

 of the leaves. During the latter part of May and first part of June 

 the mites in greatly increased numbers may be found in the pubes- 

 cence of the new wood and in the fruit and leaf stems and upon the 

 unfolding leaves of the new growth. During October they largeh'^ 

 abandon the leaves and swell the numbers already in hiding in the 

 buds and in the pubescence of the bark of the new wood. Hiberna- 

 tion occurs under the bud scales and apparently none of the mites 

 passes the winter in the pubescence or in crevices of the bark. 



Treatment for the mite is much more difficult on apple than on pear 

 trees, mainly due to the larger size of the trees and the greater abun- 

 dance of the pubescence on the buds and the new wood. In our expe- 

 rience the crude and refined oils, either clear or emulsified, have 

 proved the most efficient sprays. Because of its comparat^-vely safe 

 qualities and cheapness, kerosene emulsion diluted with 5 parts of 

 water appears to be the most practicable remedy for the spraying of 

 apple orchards when treatment is advisable, the applications being 

 made either in the late fall or early spring before the buds SAvell. 



In the study of the mites on apple and pear foliage four other 

 species of Eriophyidse have been recognized. These are Eriophyes 

 pyri,) var. variolata Nal., Eriophyes malifolue Parr., Phyllocoptes 

 sehlechtendali Nal., and Epitrimerus piri Nal. With the exception of 

 the first named, these are vagabond species and seem to thrive on the 

 underside of the leaves. Phyllocoptes sehlechtendali and Epitri- 

 merus piri are foreign species and appear to be more common here 

 than on the Continent. The behavior of these two species in the 

 future is a matter of much interest, as both, because of their large 

 numbers, seem to show possibilities of developing to greater economic 

 importance. 



In discussing these papers, Mr. J. B. Smith brought out the fact 

 that experiments w^ere being conducted for the purpose of preparing 

 arsenate of lead by the action of electricity on lead. Some good 

 results had been secured, and the process, if perfected, promised to 

 cheapen the price of this insecticide. He had tried arsenate of lead 

 made by several manufacturers. 



Mr. Kirkland stated that about 200 tons of arsenate of lead had 

 been used the past season for fighting the gipsy and brown-tail moths. 

 It was applied at the rate of 1 pound to 10 gallons of water, and no 

 burning of the foliage was observed. 



