52 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



doors ; and except for their smaller size, being not more than one-half 

 as large, they resembled very closely Coceophagus leccairi, the parasite 

 of the hibernating scales. 



From this time on the nnmber of these insects increased and con- 

 tinued to appear until about the middle of September, after which 

 very little was seen of them. Leaves collected August 11 showed 1 

 parasitized scale to 10 good ones, and leaves observed in September 

 showed a still greater proportion. Two of the leaves carefully 

 examined show^ed in one case 289 and in the other case 136 para- 

 sitized insects, and many of the leaves were in a similar condition. 

 At Montclair, where the coccinellid had almost exterminated the 

 Pulvinaria, the majority of the few remaining scale sets were j^ara- 

 sitized. These insects bred and increased rapidly, and in all respects, 

 except size, resembled Cocco2>hagifs lecanii. 



Specimens were sent to Doctor Ashmead for examination, however, 

 and he determined them as Coceophagus faroscutdhim Ashm. 

 However this may be, I am strongly of the opinion that we have a sin- 

 gle species which is dimorphic, the larger form determined as lecanii 

 Fitch, bred from the larger hibernating female scales, and the smaller 

 form, not more than half as large as the Jecanil form, which may be 

 the species described as farosoitelluni Ashm., bred from the smaller 

 scales, the size of the parasite depending on the size of the host. 



SUMMARY. 



The trees were badly infested Avith Pulvinaria innmncrahilis 

 Rathv. in the winter of 1904-5. As the scales developed in the 

 spring it became evident that they were infested with the parasite 

 Coceophagus lecanii Fitch, which in some instances destroyed over 

 two-thirds of the scales and continued in evidence until about the 

 middle of Jime. By this time the egg masses of Pulvinaria were 

 becoming large and conspicuous, and an examination revealed the 

 fact that they Avere infested by the larva of Ilyperaspis signata Oliv., 

 which in some places, conspicuously at Montclair, destroyed nearly 

 all the otl'spring of the scale, the coccinellid larva^ feeding on the 

 eggs and the adult beetles destroying the scale sets. The coccinellid 

 continued until the 1st of August, by Avhich time the scale hirvjG had 

 all set and were becoming well developed. These young scales were 

 parasitized like the hibernating females, and the parasites, which con- 

 tinued until the middle of September, Avere apparently a smaller 

 form of the spring parasite. The result of these combined attacks 

 has been that in some places the scale has been nearly exterminatetl 

 and in all the infested localities its numbers are considerablv reduced. 



