68 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



The one exception to the general average is the relative value of 

 the first and second spra^'ings as shown in the Smart orchard. In all 

 other tests the first spraying has proved to be the best, and in all these 

 cases the two sprayings have been applied alike. In this one case 

 the writer, who has done most of the spraying himself-, was away 

 superintending the work in other parts of the State leaving the 

 Avork on this orchard in charge of an assistant. On returning, the 

 amount of poison found in the calyx cups was so small that an 

 investigation w^as made, and it was found that the assistant had 

 turned the work over to inexperienced students to carry out, with 

 the inevitable results. In order to make the two sprayings " average 

 up " with those of other years the second spraj^ was applied with 

 extra care and in larger amounts than usual, hence the reversal of 

 the ordinary results. 



AMOUNT OF SPRAY TO APPLY. 



The above results, although not intended as an experiment, show 

 that the relative value of a spray can be easily altered by a change 

 in the method of applying it or in the amount applied. 



In order to test the question as to whether it was possible to spray 

 too much, two trees were sprayed in the ordinary way and two were 

 soaked until the water stood on the ground in puddles, at least four 

 times the ordinary amount of spray being applied, with the following 

 results : 



Ordinary sprayed trees averaged . 

 Soaked trees averaged 



This shows that there is no danger of overspraying in the early 

 sprays and indicates that even our liberal application might be 

 increased with profit. 



COMMERCIAL RESULTS. 



All tests have been carried on in orchards of from 2 to 5 acres, and 

 the results given for the twice-sprayed trees have represented the 

 condition of the orchards as a whole. Besides this, more and more 

 of the fruit raisers have adopted this method each year, until in 

 190G the majority of the oi-chards of the State, as well as a large 

 number in Idaho and Oregon, were sprayed by this method with the 

 most satisfactory results ever obtained. In September the writer 

 visited commercial orchards in which a calyx-wormy ajjple was such 

 a rare thing that it was only after careful and iDrolonged search that 

 one could be found. 



