76 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



some cases Bordeaux mixture seemed to render the poison less effect- 

 ive, but in other experiments the opposite proved true. It did not 

 seem advisable to leave out Bordeaux mixture, as in some regions its 

 use was absoluteh^ necessary for controlling- apple scab and other 

 fungous diseases. 



Mr. Britton believed that in combining Bordeaux mixture with 

 arsenate of lead the poison became less soluble, and this resulted in 

 its killing fewer insects. 



Mr. Sanderson, in speaking of the results secured by Mr. Ball, 

 emphasized the desirability of having uniform methods of treat- 

 ment, in order to secure experimental data which could be used for 

 comparison. 



Mr. Ball stated that in order to secure the results reported in his 

 paper it was absolutely necessary to use a coarse driving sjjray, and 

 that a mist spray, such as is usually recommended, would not drive 

 the poison far enough into the calyx cups to be effective. He did not 

 attempt to cover the fruit or foliage with the spray, but simply wished 

 to fill the calyx with poison. 



Mr. Fletcher pointed out the desirability of not casting any doubt 

 on the efficiency of the methods now generally in vogue for con- 

 trolling this insect. In Canada TO per cent of the apple crop is saved 

 by the present acknowledgedly imperfect spraying methods. He did 

 not believe it necessary to lay so nuich stress on filling the calyx, and 

 was decidedly in favor of delivering the spray in as mistlike condi- 

 tion as possible. With the pumps and nozzles in general use by 

 farmers and fruit growers there was far too great a danger of going 

 to the other extreme. Excellent paying results were now being 

 secured by oi'dinary farmers with the mist spray which had been 

 used for several years. 



Mr. Quaintance pointed out that fruit-growing conditions in the 

 Mississippi Valley and Eastern States were (]uite different from those 

 in manj' sections of the West, as in Utah. The absence of rains there 

 during the growing season largely obviated the necessity for the use 

 of fungicides to control scab and other fungous diseases, "\^^lile he 

 did not doubt that it was entirely practicable to use a coarse spray 

 for the codling moth in ITtah and thoi'oughly drench the trees, this 

 would be bad practice according to j)resent ideas of spraying in the 

 Elast, where a mist-like spray is desired to treat uniforndy all parts 

 of the foliage and fruit. Under ])resent conditions of sjn-aying, 

 young apples are often russeted by the Bordeaux and arsenical treat- 

 ment, especially by the one just after the petals have fallen, and a 

 thorough drenching of the trees at this time, as advocated by Mr. 

 Ball, would be likely to ])rove (|uite harmful in this way. He also 

 called attention to excellent results which oi'chardists had been secur- 

 ing in the control of the codling moth in the East by the use of the 



