ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY UNDER THE ADAMS ACT. 77 



mist spray, and that success depended more on spraying with good' 

 pressure and making the applications thorough than on anything else. 



Mr. Ball remarked that this system of spraying had been tried in 

 not less than forty orchards by commercial growers, and they were 

 able to save at least 90 per cent of their crop ; other growers who used 

 the mist spray and made five applications rarely secured more than 90 

 per cent of sound fruit. It was absolutely necessary in Utah to pro- 

 duce perfect fruit, as this was the only kind that could be profitably 

 marketed on account of the long distance wliich it nnist be shipped. 



Mr. Saunders asked concerning the date of applying the second 

 spraying, and Mr. Ball replied that this must be applied within ten 

 days or, at the longest, two weeks after the first si)raying, but the 

 exact time depended on the condition of the calyx lobes. It must be 

 put on before the lobes have closed. 



Mr. Hopkins stated that his phenological investigations in West 

 Virginia and other sections of the country showed conclusively that 

 the dates of periodical i)henomena of plants and insects must be 

 determined for ditlercnt localities, latitudes, and altitudes. For in- 

 stance, the dates at which the apple leaf and flower buds open not 

 only differ greatly in diffr^rent localities and seasons, but in different 

 varieties of apples in the same locality. The rate of difference from 

 a given locality may not be far from four days for each 400 feet 

 of altitude and four days for each degree of latitude — later at locali- 

 ties north or higher, and earlier at those south or lower. 



The following paper was presented : 



WHAT RESEARCH IN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY IS LEGITIMATE 

 UNDER THE ADAMS ACT? 



By E. DwiGHT Sanderson, Durham, \. II. 



The recent passage by Congress of "An act to provide for an in- 

 creased annual appropriation for the agricultural e.\[)eriment sta- 

 tions, and regulating the expenditure thereof," commonly termed the 

 "Adams Act," in honor of its lamented author, the late Hon. H. C. 

 Adams, of Wisconsin, should be made a notalile milestone in the 

 progress of economic entomolo<^y. This act provides that it shall 

 " be applied only to paying the necessary expenses of conducting 

 original researches or experiments bearing on the agricuKural in- 

 dustry of the United States, having due regard to the varying condi- 

 tions and needs of the respective States or Territories." The control 

 of its proper expenditure has been placed in the hands of the Sec- 

 retary of Agriculture, who has delegated his supervision to the Office 

 of Experiment Stations of the Department of Agriculture. In en- 

 deavoring to secure the expenditure of the appropriation for original 



