ECONOMIC WORK AGAINST HOWARD SCALE. 93 



The first spraying at (Jrand Jiinctioii against this pest was done 

 with whale-oil soap. In one orchard observed at that place it was 

 reported that three years ago over $1,000 worth of fruit was rejected 

 by the inspector of a local fruit growers' association on account of 

 the pears being rendered unsightly b}^ scale pits and blotches caused 

 by ttte insect, aside from the dwarfed tree growth and cracked condi- 

 tion of the bark. The year following this a thorougli spring s]iray- 

 ing with lime-sulphur wash reduced the injury to tree and fruit to 

 a jjoint beneath practical notice. The treatment was repeated last 

 Afarch, with the remarkable result that of a crop of 2,200 boxes of 

 choice and fancy pears i)acked this fall only 2 pears were encoun- 

 tered bearing scales. Last spring in the orchard section for a few 

 miles surrounding (irand Junction, one of the fruit districts of west- 

 ern Colorado, 40,000 pounds of sulphur were used by the members of 

 a single fruit growers' association, principal^ against the Howard 

 scale of the pear, besides a carload of 80,000 ])Ounds of the " Rex " 

 lime and sulphur concentrate introduced as an experiment. 



This season these same growers will consume a greatly increased 

 amount of sulphur, and have already placed their order for ."> car- 

 loads of the " Rex "' product, aggregating over -100 barrels of the con- 

 centrate, sufficient when diluted with 11 times its volume of water, 

 to produce -1,400 barrels of spra3\ ^^^ '^ i"^'^*^ ^^^^^ ^^'^^^ ^^^ applied with 

 gasoline power-spray outfits, nearly 200 of which are owned and 

 operated in the orchards about this one point mentioned. 



Economic entomology is enthusiasticitlly practiced by the progres- 

 sive fiuit growers of Colorado, and well it ma}^ be Avhen her fancy 

 grade lime-sulphur sprayed Biierre de Anjou pears net the growers 

 $5.10 per box, as they have done this season when i)laced upon the 

 New York City market. 



In reply to an inquirj'. Mr. Taylor stated that the Howard scale 

 Avas found on native trees, such as white ash, also on apple and plum. 

 I fe considered it quite a serious pest and that it might possibly be 

 >hipped out on nursery stock. The danger, however, was somewhat 

 remote, as no stock was shipped east from Colorado. 



^Ir. Titus remarked that this insect Avas probably a species native 

 to Colorado, as he had found it on native wild plum. 



Mr. Taylor stated that most of the spraying in Colorado was done 

 with gasoline spraying outfits, and that each outfit would cover about 

 20 acres of bearing orchard. He had used the Rex lime and sulphur 

 mixture with fair results. It was sold in Colorado for $12 a barrel. 



